Propellants introduction

The flow patterns for single phase, Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids in tanks agitated by various types of impeller have been repotted in the literature.1 3 27 38 39) The experimental techniques which have been employed include the introduction of tracer liquids, neutrally buoyant particles or hydrogen bubbles, and measurement of local velocities by means of Pitot tubes, laser-doppler anemometers, and so on. The salient features of the flow patterns encountered with propellers and disc turbines are shown in Figures 7.9 and 7.10. 

The introduction and diversification of genetically encoded fluorescent proteins (FPs) [1] and the expansion of available biological fluorophores have propelled biomedical fluorescent imaging forward into new era of development [2], Particular excitement surrounds the advances in microscopy, for example, inexpensive time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) cards for desktop computers that do away with the need for expensive and complex racks of equipment and compact infrared femtosecond pulse length semiconductor lasers, like the Mai Tai, mode locked titanium sapphire laser from Spectra physics, or the similar Chameleon manufactured by Coherent, Inc., that enable multiphoton excitation. 

Scientists have also since demonstrated that DNA (coated on microscopic gold beads) propelled into the epidermis of test animals with a gene gun , is expressed in the animal s skin cells. Furthermore, the introduction in this fashion of DNA coding for human influenza viral antigens... 

Both rockets and projectiles are reverse-assembled (or accessed) to allow the agent to drain away and to be weighed and processed separately from the energetics. Bursters and fuzes, but not the rocket propellant, are separated from the munitions and sent to COINS. Bursters are sheared prior to introduction into the COINS bath. Upon removal from the rocket, propellant is fed into a grinder, where it is mechanically size-... 

Heats of combstn of 32 expls) PicArsn Translation No 23(1959) by G. Loehr 35a) P. Tavernier, MP 37, 225-68(1955) (Temperature of explosion, calorimetric value, force constant of propellants and coefficient of isentropic expansion in the gun barrel) [Transl issued by Tech Info Library Services, Ministry of Supply (GtBrit), Feb 1959 (TlL/T.4837)] 36) C.G. Dunkle s Lecture at Picatinny Arsenal, delivered on Dec 13, 1955, entitled "Introduction to Theory of Detonation of Explosives , pp 10-11 (Heats of deton expln) 37) G.R. Handrick,... 

Introduction by P. Vieille of 2% amyl alcohol as stabilizer for smokeless propellant did not produce satisfactory results, especially in cannons of large caliber, and the amount was increased in 1906 to 8%. Nevertheless, two disastrous explns took place on battleships Iena in 1907 and Liberte in 1911. Both explns were ascribed to spontaneous ignition of poudre BAm stored in their powder magazines (Ref 44, p 248 Ref 3la, p 308)... 

The idea of propelling incendiaries by means of a composition containing saltpeter, charcoal and sulfur is presumed to have been discovered by the Chinese. The introduction of substances, resembling the present Black Powder as rocket propellants and incendiaries, was a great improvement in incendiary warfare and for a while these weapons were of prime importance... 

Introduction. In the absence of all contact with an external solid, a prime mover placed in a fluid of finite or even zero density can propel itself by ejecting a fluid or solid mass toward the rear. By convention we say that this mover is propelled by jet propulsion, although the propulsive thrust really results from the effects of pressure and friction exerted on the wall of the hollow interior of the mover by the solids or fluids moving in the interior toward the exhaust nozzle ... 

March i960 (Following are some accomplishments a) Modification of DuPont nitrometer by introducing a 2-part bulb. This bulb is recommended for use with PETN and Nitro-guanidine (NGu) (abbr NQ by Roth) This modification is described by M. Roth et al in PATR 2579(1958) b) Introduction of "titanous chloride-buffer method" for detn of NGu in propellants. This method is described by M. Roth R.F. Wegman in Anal-Chem 30, 2036(1958) (See Addnl Ref HH) c) Improved method for detn of stabilizer content. The method is described by M. 

The data reported in the literature suggests that the replacement of DEP by Bu-NENA in the Dense NC/NG+ DEP/AP/AI/RDX-based composite modified double-base (CMDB) propellants results in increase in the burn rate by 18-20% at 70 kg cm pressure. The calorimetric value and percentage elongation also increase significantly. Further, thermal stability and sensitivity of such propellants are comparable with DEP-based CMDB propellants [184]. Bu-NENA is also a component of low vulnerability ammunition (LOVA) propellants [185, 186]. The introduction of butyl-NENA into SB, DB and gun propellants results in improvement of their mechanical properties and energetics and reduction in their sensitivity [187]. 

Figure 4.14 Schematic of a cartridge-loaded/free-standing propellant. Reprinted from G.P.Sutton, Rocket Propulsion Elements An Introduction to the Engineering of Rockets, 1992 1992, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, UK.

As discussed under explosives and propellants, a number of energetic binders GAP, NHTPB, poly(NiMMO), poly(GlyN), poly(BAMO), poly(AMMO) and BAMO-AMMO copolymers etc. have been reported in the recent past and are at various stages of development and introduction for bulk production of explosives and propellants for various applications. These polymeric binders are reasonably stable and are of established compatibility with a wide range of ingredients used for explosive and propellant formulations. The data on their explosive properties impact, friction and electric spark sensitivities, indicate that it is safe to handle these materials. However, there appears to be no report in the open literature on... 

Berg, H. C., Random Walks in Biology, expanded ed. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1993. (Undergraduate level. A lucid introduction to random walk statistics. Discusses translational and rotational diffusion, self-propelled motion, random walk, and sedimentation Relevant to biological species of colloidal dimensions, but no background in biology is needed.)... 

The aerosol in its familiar modern form was first described in a patent filed in 1926 by Rotheim for the spraying of insecticides, paints, cosmetics, and fire extinguishants. Subsequent patents described a variety of propellants including chloromethane, hydrocarbons, such as 2-methylpropane, and dimethyl ether. The first successful introduction of aerosols on a large scale occurred in 1942 when a pyrcthroid/scsamc oil formulation pressurized with di-chlorodifluoromethanc (CFC 12) was developed by Goodhue and Sullivan for US military... 

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