Propellants general specifications

Anon, Material Specification, Propellant, PBAN General Specification For , Rept No SP EOXWS-16716, Contract N00030-74-C-0100, Lockheed Missiles Space Co, Inc, Sunnyvale (1975) 18) J.Q. Schmidt, Attenuation and... 

A propellant must fulfill the following general specifications ... 

Mass, Specific, of Constituents of Smokeless Propellant. Literature data on the specific mass of over 100 compds are given in Ref. Kopp s additive rule applies with an error generally less than 1%, eg, 1/d — 2 (nj/pj), where nj is % of constituent, pj is specific mass of constituent, and d is specific mass of propellant Ref P. Tavernier, MP 30, 253-96 (1957) CA 53, 1715-16 (1959)... 

In general, AP composite propellants contain aluminum (Al) particles as a fuel component to increase their specific impulse. These Al particles react with oxidizer components according to... 

Squib. 1) (General). Any of various small size pyrotechnic or explosive devices 2) (Specific). A small explosive device similar in appearance to a detonator, but loaded with low explosive, so that its output is primarily heat (flash). Usually electrically initiated, and provided to initiate action of burning type munitions, pyrotechnic devices and rocket propellants. An electrical squib consists essentially of a tube containing a flammable material, and a small charge of powder compressed around a fine resistance wire connected to electrical leads or terminals (Ref 40a, p 135)... 

In addition to the general tests listed above a number of studies tests for specific ingredients have been published. These data for propellants, NC and for ammonium nitrate (AN) are summarized below ... 

Class B Explosive Under the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) safety regulations, as per 49 CFR 173.88, Class B explosives are defined as those explosives which in general function by rapid combustion rather than detonation and include some explosive devices such as special fireworks, flash powders, some pyrotechnic signal devices and liquid or solid propellant explosives which include some smokeless powders. The regulations provide specific descriptions of and tests for Class B explosives. 

The ageing and low temperature properties of LTPB-based propellants have been reported to be comparable to the conventional CTPB-based propellants. Composite propellants possess higher densities (1.75-1.81 gem-3), higher specific impulse and a wide range of burn rates (7-20mms 1). Such propellants are generally made by the casting technique . Extruded composite propellants are also currently available. 

A specific role is assigned to fuels to propel our cars, trucks, airplanes, and other vehicles. They are generally referred to as transportation fuels. The impact of the internal-combustion engine on our lives is fundamental. It allowed mankind to achieve mobility via easy means of transportation of persons and goods alike. In less than a century this revolution has transformed and eased our lives but at the same time raised new challenges. 

Generally propellants are compared on the basis of their specific impulse. However, it can be shown readily that other properties of the propeUant combination may play an important role in the system as well. Ideally, for zero drag and... 

---