Propamidine

The activity of diamidines is reduced by acid pH and in the presence of blood and serum. Microorganisms may acquire resistance by serial subculture in the presence of increasing doses of the compounds. Propamidine and dibromopropamidine, as the isethionate salts, are the major diamidine derivatives employed as antimicrobial agents propamidine in the form of eye-drops (0.1%) for amoebic infection and dibromopropamidine for topical treatment of minor infections. 

The antiseptic compounds propamidine and dibromopropamidine have been used for years within proprietary products for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis in adults and children, although with little evidence of any efficacy. 

Infra-red Spectrum. Principal peaks at wavenumbers 1200,1219, 1613, 1048, 1280, 1495 (propamidine isethionate, KBr disk). 

Cyclobenzaprine Hydrochloride Pyrrobutamine Trimeperidine Hydrochloride Propamidine Dydrogesterone Ethisterone Ethopropazine Apomorphine Hydrochloride Molindone Hydrochloride Etidocaine Hydrochloride Benorylate Flunitrazepam Ethylmorphine Acecainide Hydrochloride Amoxapine... 

Doxycycline Hydrochloride 564.6 Propamidine Isethionate 659.8 Dihydroergocornine Mesylate... 

Alcuronium Chloride Benserazide Bethanidine Bretylium Tosylate Carbachol Debrisoquine Dibromopropamidine Dihydrostreptomycin Guanethidine Guanoxan Hexylcaine Homatropine Hydroxystilbamidine Hyoscine Kanamycin Mepenzolate Bromide Metformin Obidoxime Chloride Pancuronium Bromide Pentamidine Pentapiperide Propamidine Pyrithidium Bromide Suxamethonium Chloride Suxethonium Bromide Thiamine... 

Propaderm, 374 Propadrine, 895 Propagin, 938 Propain, 557 Propallylonal, 676 Pro-Pam, 526 Propamidine, 933 Propamidine isethionate, 933 Propane, 200... 

The greatest frequency of ocular toxicity has been reported with propamidine. Superficial punctate... 

PHMB and chlorhexidine were found to be the most successful cysticidal agents. Neomycin was reported to be ineffective against neomycin, propamidine Acanthamoeba cysts in vivo. The cysticidal effectiveness of propamidine was more variable than its trophozoite amoebicidal activity... 

PHMB, propamidine, PHMB and propamidine were found to be the most active agents against corneal Acanthamoeba isolates with MIC values < 10 mcg/mL. 

Chlorhexidine as a monotherapy does not appear to be as effective as when used in combination with propamidine or PHMB (Kosrirukvongs et al.). 

Hexamidine, propamidine Hexamidine demonstrated greater amoebicidal activity than propamidine. Perrine et al. recommended replacing propamidine with... 

Chlorhexidine, Twelve patients were successfully treated with the combination of topical chlorhexidine and propamidine (Seal et al.). 

Rarely, non-Acanthamoeba amebic keratitis may present. There is limited clinical evidence that nonacan-thamoeba infections may respond to Acanthamoeba treatment. Two cases were reported of presumed non-Acanthamoeba keratitis in contact lens wearers in which the clinical presentation TesenAAeA Acanthamoeba keratitis. Nonacanthamoeba cysts (Vahlkampfia Jugosa and Naegleria) were cultured from the contact lenses. One patient responded to treatment with PHMB 0.2% and propamidine 0.1% and the other patient was lost to follow-up. 

Duguid IGM, Dart JKG, Morlet N, et al. Outcome of Acanthamoeba keratitis treated with polyhexamethyl biguanide and propamidine. Ophthalmology 1997 104(10) 1587-1592. 

Johns KJ, Head WS, O Day DM. Corneal toxicity of propamidine. Arch Ophthahnol 1988 106(l) 68-69. 

Seal D, Hay J, Kirkness C, et al. Successful medical therapy of Acanthamoeba keratitis with topical chlorhexidine and propamidine. Eye 1996 10(4) 413-421. 

Propamidine 0.1% (Brolene ) (additive therapy) Trophozoite with some cystic activity... 

Contact allergy is infrequently reported with dibromo-propamidine. 

Schoenbach EBGE.The pharmacology, mode of action, and therapeutic potentialities of stilbamidine, pentamidine, propamidine and other aromatic diamidines. A review. Medicine. 1948 27 327-77. 

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