Prompting questions

The virus-associated mass mortalities that took place among marine mammals in the 1980s and 1990s elicited an interest in co-factors that may have contributed to the severity of these events. The deaths of 20,000 harbor and several hundred grey seals in northern Europe in 1988 prompted questions about climate change, algal blooms, environmental pollutants, exotic diseases and other perceived stressors [54], After the identification of a newly described virus, phocine distemper virus (PDV) [55], concern still lingered that immunotoxic environmental contaminants could have facilitated the outbreak. 

It exposes gaps and inconsistencies and prompts questions you might never otherwise have thought to ask. 

The process of applying mathematical constructs to describe experimental results often reveals patterns in the agent s pharmacokinetics or dynamics that might not otherwise be discernible. Failure of a model s simulations to predict experimental measurements sometimes prompts questioning of the data, such as the reliability of the quantitative methods, or sample collection or exposure techniques. More often, it may indicate that greater complexity in the model s structure is required to capture the data s behavior. This is another primary reason for developing models to create hypotheses (model structures) that are falsifiable, leading to improved models and improved predictions in an iterative process. 

Question 13 is a prompting question, but the use of diarrhoea and vomiting rather than the patient s terminology of sickness and diarrhoea may serve to further alienate the patient. 

The unique reactivity of the above system with H2 appears to arise from the unquenched Lewis basicity and acidity of the respective donor P and the acceptor B centers. This inference prompted questions about the nature and reactivity of other phosphine-borane systems and, more broadly, of Lewis acid/base combinations. Is it necessary to have a link between the donor and acceptor sites Could similar H2 activation arise from combinations of donors and acceptors in which steric encumbrance frustrates Lewis acid-base adduct formation If indeed such frustrated Lewis pairs could be uncovered, could one exploit them for the activation of small molecules and applications in catalysis ... 

The most advanced use of computers for job evaluation is known as an expert system. Using the logic built by subject matter experts and coded into the computer, this software leads a job evaluator through a series of prompted questions as part of a decision tree to arrive at a job-evaluation decision (Mahmood et al. 1995). 

Having determined which node parameters are to be used, the team discusses the hazards associated with each (shaded) square, using the prompt questions shown in Table 5.11—which uses the term High Flow for illustration. 

Because batch processes are dynamic (time is a variable) an analysis of their operation is more complex than for a steady-state process. One way of handling this additional complexity is to systematically work through the operating procedures using a What-lf approach— in which deviation guidewords serve as prompt questions. For example, if the instruction is, Add 100 liters of water to V-100, the team might ask questions such as given below ... 

Nano-LC columns can easily be overloaded with samples, and, as a consequence, carryover can be seen in subsequent runs. Unmodified peptides as possible carryover may compromise the analysis of HNE-modified peptides, and may also prompt questions about the efficiency of the enrichment protocol employed. When carryover is suspected, a few blank runs are reconunended to wash away contaminants before injecting the next sample. 

Both interview and questionnaire techniques were used in this survey. Fifty, semi-structured interviews were conducted on-site with a randomly selected, representative, stratified sample of employees. (See Appendix B for an example of some of the prompt questions used in the interview note that this can only be developed after some open interviews/discussion sessions are completed.) A questiormaire was generated from the interview data and distributed to 520 staff to be completed anonymously. This produced a 45 per cent usable response rate for analysis. The objectives were to gain an understanding of the perceptions of quality within the company and readiness for change to provide baseline data for evaluation purposes to identify quality improvement opportunities and potential barriers to change and to help management develop a sense of awareness about quality and quality improvement needs in the plant. The questionnaire included measures of job satisfaction (Warr et aL, 1979), organizational commitment (Porter et al., 1974), perceptions of cooperation and morale in the plant and measures of certain job characteristics associated with quality work performance, such as skill variety, autonomy and feedback (Hackman and Oldham, 1975). 

The modern-day emphasis on lead s neurotoxicity, particularly its effects on the central nervous system of developing children, inevitably prompts questions about lead s ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a construct that refers to the resistance most molecules confront when they spread out over the brain. Two factors inhibit molecular diffusion in the brain. First, the capillaries of the brain have tight cellular junctions. Second, the brain s capillaries are surrounded by a fatty sheath composed of astrocyte cells. At sufficiently high blood-lead... 

The proposed use of boron materials for hydrogen storage in large automotive fleets involving hundreds of millions of vehicles has prompted questions regarding the adequacy of boron resources to meet these enormous demands. For this reason, U.S. Borax Inc. assessed borate reserves in both the United States and the world and compared this assessment with potential initial fill requirements of a recyclable boron-based fuel for a large fleet of FCVs. 

Differences between mouse and human culture conditions have prompted questions regarding the plu-ripotent state of cell lines derived from different species. Some groups argue the existence of multiple pluripotent states (Chou et al. 2008). The states have been designated as naive and primed pluripotent states, and can be compared to distinct stem cells derived from post-implantation embryos, termed... 

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