Prolactin-releasing peptide

POMC peptides derived from rat pituitary extracts prolactin-releasing peptides in the bovine hypothalamic extract pseudechetoxin, a peptide blocker of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels pseudo-peptide analogues of thiol proteinase inhibitors relaxin-like molecule from the male atlantic stingray, Dasyatis sabina... 

Lin S, Arai AC, Espana RA, Berridge CW, Leslie FM, Huguenard JR, Vergnes M, Civelli O. Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) promotes awakening and suppresses absence seizures. Neuroscience 2002 114 229-238. 

Zhang SQ, Kimura M, Inoue S. Effects of prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) on sleep regulation in rats. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2000 54 262-264. 

Maruyama M, Hirokazu M, Fujiwara K, Noguchi J, Kitada C, Fujino M, Inoue K. Prolactin-releasing peptide as a novel stress mediator in the central nervous system. Endocrinology 2001 142 2032-2038. 

Matsumoto H, Maruyama M, Noguchi J, Horikoshi Y, Fujiwara K, Kitada C, Hinuma S, Onda H, Nishimura O, Inoue K, Fujino M. Stimulation of corticotropinreleasing hormone-mediated adrenocorticotropin secretion by central administration of prolactin-releasing peptide in rats. Neurosci Lett 2000 285 234—238. 

Engstrom M, Brandt A, Wurster S, Savola JM, Panula P (2003) Prolactin releasing peptide has high affinity and efficacy at neuropeptide FF2 receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 305 825-832 Enna SJ, McCarson KE (2006) The role of GABA In the mediation and perception of pain. Adv Pharmacol 54 1-27... 

Prolactin-releasing peptide Prolactin releasing/inhibiting factor... 

Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP), hPrRP 31 SRTHRHSMEI RTPDIQPAWY AS RGIRPVGR Fa, a 31-neuropeptide (and the N-terminally truncated sequence... 

Prolactoliberin, pro/act/n-re/eas/ng hormone (PRH), prolactin-releasing factor (PRF), a hypothalamic substance (with for a long time an unknown structure) that stimulates the release of prolactin in the adenohypophysis. Although the release of prolactin is stimulated by other peptides such as —thyroliberin (TRH), VIP, PACAP, oxytocin, and vasopressin, it has been assumed that the prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) may function as prolactoliberin. Surprisingly, a dopamine-rdated stereospecific tetrahydroisoquinoline, termed salsolinol, 1 -methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-... 

Abe H, Engler D, Molitch ME, Bollinguer-Gruber J, Reinchlin S. Vasoactive intestinal peptide is a physiological mediator of prolactin release in the rat. Endocrinology 1985 1116 1383-1390. 

Kentroti S, Dees WL, McCann SM (1988) Evidence for a physiological role of hypothalamic gastrin-releasing peptide to suppress growth hormone and prolactin release in the rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci 85 953-957. 

Kentroti S, McCann SM (1996) Role of dopamine in the inhibitory control of growth hormone and prolactin release by gastrin-releasing peptide. Brain Res Bull 39 201-204. 

Matsushita N, Kato Y, Katakami H, Shimatsu A, Yanaihara N, Imura H (1983) Inhibition of prolactin secretion by gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) in the rat. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 772 118-121. 

Whereas several peptides besides AVP are known to act synergistically with CRH, the only peptide candidate in humans that inhibits the HPA system at all regulatory levels of the system seems to be atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). ANP has been shown to inhibit the stimulated release of CRH and ACTH in vitro and in vivo. This could be observed in humans as well, where ANP inhibits the CRH-induced ACTH (Keller et al. 1992), prolactin (Wiedemann et al. 1995), and cortisol secretion (StrOhle et al. 1998). ANP is not only synthesized by atrial myocytes (deBold et al. 1985) and released into the circulation, but is also found in neurons of different brain regions (Tanala et al. 1984) where specific receptors have been found. ANP receptors and immunoreactivity have been found in periventricular and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei, the LC, and the central nucleus of the amygdala. 

The secretion of anterior pituitary hormones is controlled in part by hypothalamic regulatory factors that are stored in the hypothalamus and are released into the adenohypophyseal portal vasculature. Hypothalamic regulatory factors so far identified are peptides with the exception of dopamine. Secretion of anterior pituitary hormones is also controlled by factors produced more distally that circulate in the blood. Predominant control of hormone production may be relatively simple, as with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), the production of which is primarily stimulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and inhibited by thyroid hormones, or it may be complex, as with prolactin, the production of which is affected by many neurotransmitters and hormones. 

---