Progeny ions

Multiple-Stage Mass Spectrometry (MS") Multiple stages of precursor ion m/z selection followed by product ion detection for successive progeny ions. 

Progeny Ions Charged products of a series of consecutive reactions that includes product ions, first generation product ions, second generation product ions, etc. 

It should be stressed that the field-ions related measurements are still of a very preliminary nature. Work is in progress both on determining the fundamental electrical properties of the radon progeny and based on this on the influence on progeny removal of electrode configuration etc. 

Interesting chemical and structural phenomena can occur when radioactive materials are stored in the solid state Extensive studies have been made of both the chemical and physical status of progeny species that result from the a or 3" decay of actinide ions in several different compounds The samples have been both initially pure actinide compounds—halides, oxides, etc.—and actinides incorporated into other non-radioactive host materials, for example lanthanide halides. In general, the oxidation state of the actinide progeny is controlled by the oxidation state of its parent (a result of heredity). The structure of the progeny compound seems to be controlled by its host (a result of environment). These conclusions are drawn from solid state absorption spectral studies, and where possible, from x-ray diffraction studies of multi-microgram sized samples. 

Genetic alterations or abnormalities of germ cells, some of which can be caused by toxicant exposure, can be manifested by adverse effects on progeny. The important health effects of these kinds of alterations may be appreciated by considering the kinds of human maladies that are caused by inherited recessive mutations. One such disease is cystic fibrosis, in which the clinical phenotype has thick, dry mucus in the tubes of the respiratory system such that inhaled bacterial and fungal spores cannot be cleared from the system. This results in frequent, severe infections. It is the consequence of a faulty chloride transporter membrane protein that does not properly transport Cl ion from inside cells to the outside, where they normally retain water characteristic of healthy mucus. The faulty transporter protein is the result of a change of a single amino acid in the protein. 

Tandem mass spectrometry is a multistage mass spectrometry technique that can precisely ascertain the progeny of ions. MS/MS involves mass selection of a precursor ion, activation and fragmentation of the mass-selected precursor, and mass analysis of the charged products. This technique can be applied to... 

The energetic order within the system of progeny terms 25+1 p. Ti, E, etc.) determines the important properties of the complex ions ... 

In their model Euss and Koch (40) propose that after infection there is a non-specific reduction in the overall rate of polypeptide chain initiation. However, since each mEEA has its own intrinsic translational efficiency, not all mEEAs are affected to the same extent, and there is a differential reduction in the translation of individual host and viral mEEA species. In a somewhat different model, Carrasco and Smith (4I, 42) propose that upon contact of the virus with the cell membrane, a viral coat protein associates with the membrane, changing the normal monovalent-ion gradient. During the course of viral EEA translation into progeny coat protein, these proteins are also inserted into the membrane, and the membrane alterations continue. Eventually, sodiim leaks into the cell, there is an increase in the concentration of monovalent-ions inside the cells, and cellular but not viral protein chain initiation is inhibited. 

Evaporation of Droplets Leading to Coulomb Fissions Producing Progeny Droplets that Ultimately Lead to Ions in the Gas-Phase Effects of the Concurrent Large Concentration Increase... 

It is clear that the process of repeated droplet fissions of both parent and progeny droplets ultimately will lead to very small charged droplets that are the precursors of the gas-phase ions. The mechanisms by which the gas-phase ions are produced from... 

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