Product reliability test

To meet the needs of product reliability test, the accumulative test time which is used to check the reliability index can be deduced ... 

Reliability prediction - a technique for establishing product characteristics where the reliability targets cannot be measured without testing many hundreds of products over many thousands of hours. (On long production runs of low value items, reliability testing is possible but with one-off systems of high value it is not cost effective hence reliability has to be predicted using statistical techniques.)... 

Fabrication of the prototype is an important step in product development. It demonstrates that the various components can indeed be physically integrated to form the final product with the desired functionalities. Consider a UV sensor. While its functionality depends on the physical response of a certain nanomaterial in the presence of UV light, an electric circuit and a display system are required for a functional consumer product. The availability of a prototype is essential in test marketing, safety tests, reliability tests and so on. However, the development of consumer-oriented products often involves a considerable amount of trial-and-error, which can lead to costly delays in product launching [10]. 

Although we can measure the amount of chloroform in the air that you breathe out, and in blood, urine, and body tissues, we have no reliable test to determine how much chloroform you have been exposed to or whether you will experience any harmful health effects. The measurement of chloroform in body fluids and tissues may help to determine if you have come into contact with large amounts of chloroform. However, these tests are useful only a short time after you are exposed to chloroform because it leaves the body quickly. Because it is a breakdown product of other chemicals (chlorinated hydrocarbons), chloroform in your body might also indicate that you have come into contact with those other chemicals. Therefore, small amounts of chloroform in the body may indicate exposure to these other chemicals and may not indicate low chloroform levels in the environment. From blood tests to determine the amount of liver enzymes, we can tell whether the liver has been damaged, but we cannot tell whether the liver damage was caused by chloroform. 

For industrial fertilizer production reliable ammonia concentration data are essential. An experimental setup for acoustic chemometric prediction of ammonia concentration has been tested in a full-scale industrial plant. Figure 9.22 shows a bypass loop with the orifice plate. The acoustic sensor was again mounted onto the orifice plate [5]. To ensure constant differential pressure and temperature of the ammonia flow, two pressure transmitters and one temperature sensor were used. Reference samples were taken at the sample valve shown in Figure 9.22. 

For many years, blood transfusion has been a therapy for children and adults with sickle cell disease. Prior to the 1980s, due to the lack of availability of blood products and the standard of care at that time, transfusion was used infrequently and generally only for catastrophic complications of this disease. During the 1980s, the risk of infection through transfusion was so high that transfusion continued to be used infrequently. When reliable testing for infectious diseases (e.g., HTV and hepatitis) in blood products became available, the use of red cell transfusion became standard of care for complications of sickle cell disease. 

Concerning testing, the input and output domains must be strictly defined. This suggests a response to the following 1) What sampling technique will ensure an adequate subset of possible input values that will provide as complete a test of the software as possible and 2) What information sampling procedures will allow the developers to determine product reliability ... 

Product reliability is based on the results of validation tests on selected components. 

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