Product properties property function

In addition to the Bisphenol-A backbone epoxy resins, epoxies with substituted aromatic backbones and in the tri- and tetra- functional forms have been produced. Structure-property relationships exist so that an epoxy backbone chemistry can be selected for the desired end product property. Properties such as oxygen permeability, moisture vapor transmission and glass transition temperature have been related to the backbone structure of epoxy resins5). Whatever the backbone structure, resins containing only the pure monomeric form can be produced but usually a mixture of different molecular weight species are present with their distribution being dictated by the end-use of the resin. 

J. Njuguna, E. Silva, and S. Sachse, Nanocomposites for vehicle structural applications, in T. Lin, ed.. Nanofibers - Production, Properties and Functional Applications, InTech, pp. 420-427, 2011. 

Fang, J., X. Wang, and T. Lin, Functional applications of electmspun nanofibers. Nanofibeis-production, properties and functional applications, 2011,287-326. 

Film or sheet generally function as supports for other materials, as barriers or covers such as packaging, as insulation, or as materials of constmction. The uses depend on the unique combination of properties of the specific resins or plastic materials chosen. When multilayer films or sheets are made, the product properties can be varied to meet almost any need. Further modification of properties can be achieved by use of such additives or modifiers as plasticizers (qv), antistatic agents (qv), fire retardants, sHp agents, uv and thermal stabilizers, dyes (qv) or pigments (qv), and biodegradable activators. 

Useful materials incorporating fire-retardant additives are not always straightforward to produce. Loadings of 10% are common, and far higher levels of flame retardants are used in some formulations. These concentrations can have a negative effect on the properties and functions for which the materials were originally intended. Product-specific trade-offs are generally necessary between functionaUty, processibiUty, fire resistance, and cost. 

Quality Function Deployment. Sometimes referred to as the House of Quahty, quahty function deployment (QFD) is a technique for translating the voice of the customer iato design requirements (19). This is a systematic approach identifyiag customer expectations and relating the expectations to product properties. The usage of QFD ia the chemical iadustry appears to be growing. QFD results ia chemical specifications optimized to assure the material is suitable for its iatended use and performs up to customer expectations. 

Functional Properties. Eggs function in different ways to give food products certain desirable characteristics. 

In this chapter, the polymerization methods used for the production of uniform latex particles in the size range of O.I-lOO /Ltm are described. Emulsion, swollen emulsion, and dispersion polymerization techniques and their modified forms for producing plain, functionalized, or porous uniform latex particles are reviewed. The general mechanisms and the kinetics of the polymerization methods, the developed synthesis procedures, the effect of process variables, and the product properties are discussed. 

The ability to manipulate reactor temperature profile in the polymerization tubular reactor is very important since it directly relates to conversion and resin product properties. This is often done by using different initiators at various concentrations and at different reactor jacket temperature. The reactor temperature response in terms of the difference between the jacket temperature and the peak temperature (0=Tp-Tj) is plotted in Figure 2 as a function of the jacket temperature for various inlet initiator concentrations. The temperature response not only depends on the jacket temperature but also, for certain combinations of the variables, it is very sensitive to the jacket temperature. 

Polymer scientists and engineers have developed a wide variety of processes by which to convert polypropylene into useable articles. These processes include fiber-spinning, production of melt blown and spun bond non-woven fabrics, film production, blow molding, and injection molding. The following sections describe these processes and the resulting properties of the product as a function of the process. 

Functionalization, silicone network preparation via, 22 568 Functionalized initiators, 14 255 Functional methacrylates, 16 240-242 Functional monomers methacrylate, 16 241-242 polymer colloid, 20 379-380 Functional perfume products, 18 354 Functional polyethylene waxes, 26 220 Functional properties, of wax, 26 215 Functional unit, in life cycle assessment, 14 809... 

Another important group of anionic surfactants are AESs, which are used in laundry and cleaning detergents as well as in cosmetic products. Characteristic properties of AESs are the ability to function in hard water, high foam capacity and low irritation to skin [16]. 

A kinetic study requires the determination of the concentration (in mol dnr3) of at least one of the reactant or product as a function of time. In case of gaseous phase, in place of concentration, the partial pressure is determined. The method of analysis employed must be faster than the rate of reaction. The conventional methods of analysis can be applied to the reactions which have a half-life of at least a few minutes. The measurement of some physical property which is proportional to the concentration/partial pressure can also be taken for determination of the rate. In many cases of reactions in solution, it is necessary to take out aliquots from the reaction mixture at suitable intervals of time, arrest the reaction in aliquots by means of suitable means and then analyse the sample. Some conventional physical methods used to study the kinetics of slow reactions are described as follows. 

Contrary to the commodity chemical business, the key to win in the specialty products market does not lie in squeezing out profits by means of economies of scale or process optimization. Rather, it lies in the ability for fast new product launches in order to capture the largest market share as soon as possible. Since superior product quality and performance is what really differentiates one specialty product from another, the product properties need to be adjusted as required by business needs. For example, the ability to manipulate functional chemicals in detergent products such as enzymes and zeolites, as well as backbone chemicals like surfactants, is often the key to success for both the detergent manufacturers and chemical suppliers [3], This trend has created an urgent need for an efficient and effective product and process development for these products. 

In addition, chemical product properties can be classified into structural and functional. Examples of structural properties are density, viscosity, size, and shapes, whereas examples of functional properties are safety, smooth, skin protection, and adhesion to surface. It is clear that the structural properties will depend on the structure and components of the chemical products, whereas the functional properties are more related to the interaction product-environment. 

Starch occurs as highly organized structures, known as starch granules. Starch has unique thermal properties and functionality that have permitted its wide use in food products and industrial applications. When heated in water, starch undergoes a transition process, during which the granules break down into a mixture of... 

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