Process biochemical applications

Glasgow LA, Hua J, Yiin TY, Erickson LE (1992) Experimental studies of interfacial phenomena in sparged reactors. In Tatterson GB, Calabrease RV (eds) Process mixing chemical biochemical applications. AIChE Syposium Series 286 Garcia-Briones MA, Brodkey RS, Chalmers JJ (1994) Chem Eng Sci 49 2301 Boulton-Stone JM, Blake JR (1993) J Fluid Mech 254 437... 

Fox, R. O. and M. R. Grier (1993). Numerical simulation of turbulent reacting flows using PDF methods. In G. B. Tatterson (ed.), Process Mixing Chemical and Biochemical Applications - Part II, pp. 49-54. New York AIChE. 

Process Biochem., 41, 1682 (2006). Evaluation of Optimization Techniques for Parameter Estimation Application to Ethanol Fermentation Considering the Effect of Temperature. 

Although the general principles of separation processes are applicable widely across the process industries, more specialised techniques are now being developed. Reference is made in Chapter 13 to the use of supercritical fluids, such as carbon dioxide, for the extraction of components from naturally produced materials in the food industry, and to the applications of aqueous two-phase systems of low interfacial tensions for the separation of the products from bioreactors, many of which will be degraded by the action of harsh organic solvents. In many cases, biochemical separations may involve separation processes of up to ten stages, possibly with each utilising a different technique. Very often, differences in both physical and chemical properties are utilised. Frequently... 

The properties of an ideal mass analyzer are well described, [2] but despite the tremendous improvements made, still no mass analyzer is perfect. To reach a deeper insight into the evolution of mass spectrometers the articles by Beynon, [3] Habfast and Aulinger, [4,5] Brunnee [6,7], Chapman et al. [8] and McLuckey [9] are recommended for further reading. In recent years, miniature mass analyzers have gained interest for in situ analysis, [10] e.g., in environmental [11] or biochemical applications, [12] for process monitoring, for detection of chemical warfare agents, for extraterrestrial applications, [13] and to improve Space Shuttle safety prior to launch. [14]... 

C. Menzel, T. Lerch, K. Schneider, R. Weidemann, C. Tollnick, G. Kretzmer, T. Scheper and K. Schuger, Application of biosensors with an electrolyte isolator semiconductor capacitor (EIS-CAP) transducer for process monitoring, Process Biochem., 33(2) (1998) 175-180. 

Polymeric membranes also have vast applications in several processes, such as desalination using reverse osmosis membranes. Filtration, in a wide sense, with polymeric membranes can be applied in gas separation processes, biochemical processing, wastewater treatment, food and beverage production, and pharmaceutical applications [59-61],... 

Figure 10-22 Methods of Immobilizing Enzymes. Source From H.H. Weetall, Immobilized Enzymes and Their Application in the Food and Beverage Industry, Process Biochem., Vol. 10, pp. 3-6, 1975.

Weetall, H.H. 1975. Immobilized enzymes and their application in the food and beverage industry. Process Biochem. 10 3-6. 

Berry, R. S, Correlation of rates of intramolecular tunneling processes, with application to some group V compounds. J. Chem. Phys. 32, 933-938 (1960), Muirhead, H. Triose phosphate isomerase, pyruvate kinase and other ajfl-barrels. Trends Biochem. Sci. 8, 326-330 (1983). 

The fluidized bed systems have been utilized extensively in many physical, chemical, petrochemical, electrochemical, and biochemical processes. Successful applications of the fluidization systems lie in a comprehensive understanding of hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer properties, and mixing. Various non-intrusive measurement techniques, such as electric capacitance tomography and radioactive particle tracking technique, are available to advance the fundamental understanding of the microscopic and macroscopic phenomena of fluidization. Till date, the... 

Liquid membrane systems were first introduced in 1968 (34), and since then they have been evaluated for various chemical and biochemical applications (35). Some of the applications include the selective extraction of hydrocarbons (36), the recovery of rare earths from process streams (37), the extraction of organic contaminants like phenol from water streams (38), and amino acid recovery (39). 

BIO. Buck, R. P., Potential generating processes at inter ces From electrolytes/metal and electrolyte/membrane to electrolyte/semiconductor. In Theory Design, and Biochemical Applications of Solid State Chemical Sensors (P. W. Cheung, D. G. Fleming, with Ko and M. R. Neuman, eds.), pp. 3-39. CRC Press, West Palm Beach, Florida, 1978. 

The widespread use of advanced control and process automation for biochemical applications has been lagging as compared with industries such as refining and petrochemicals whose feedstocks are relatively easy to characterize and whose chemistry is well understood and whose measurements are relatively straightforward. 

Ammonia lyases in their natural role are involved in the metabolism of amino acids and also play a role in, for instance, the degradation of amino sugars, but only a limited amount of these enzymes have been characterized biochemically. Application of a broad range of different ammonia and lyases in organic chemical synthesis on an industrial scale has thus far not occurred, which is due to both their limited commercial availability and their lack of stability under process conditions. Exceptions are the commercially applied aspartase, which is an ammonia lyase that is utilized for the synthesis of L-aspartic acid from fumaric acid, and phenylalanine lyase. The latter is an example of a commercial application of an ammonia lyase in a process for the production of L-phenylalanine and more importantly L-phenylalanine derivatives. 

Disciplines that appear to be unrelated to biochemistry can provide answers to important biochemical questions. For example, the MRl (magnetic resonance imaging) tests that play an important role in the health sciences originated with physicists, became a vital tool for chemists, and currently play a large role in biochemical research. The field of biochemistry draws on many disciplines, and its multidisciplinary nature allows it to use results from many sciences to answer questions about the molecular nature of life processes. Important applications of this kind of knowledge are made in medically related fields an understanding of health and disease at the molecular level leads to more effective treatment of illnesses of many kinds. 

Rungsardthong V, Wongvuttanakul N, Kongpien N, Chotiwaranon P (2006) Application of fungal chitosan for clarification of apple juice. Process Biochem 41 589-593... 

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