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Process analysers trends

This book describes template processes, their mechanisms, the centres used for their realisation, and the basic classes of compounds synthesised by means of these reactions. Detailed consideration is given to ways of constructing macrocyclic systems. The main classes of substances examined are polyeizamacrocyclic compounds, crown ethers and their hetero-analogues, and other products such as cryptands, sepulchrates, sarcophagines, catenanes, rotaxanes and knots. The conditions for carrying out such reactions, which are sometimes very specific in character, are also considered. Taking into account the recent achievements in the field of the template processes, the trends of research in this domain have been analysed. [Pg.573]

Tlie DOE Office of Environmental Safety and Health distributes monthly summaries ba.scd on data retreived from the DOE Occurrence Reporting and Processing System (ORPS) to share chemical safety concerns throughout the industry to alert operators of similar processes. In addition quarterly and annual reviews feature lessons learned from ORPS by trending analyses of ini an... [Pg.159]

QA/QC laboratories. The QA/QC lab is responsible for the testing of feedstocks and raw materials, process intermediates, and finished goods, and may, in addition, be responsible for the development of standards for materials, processes, and procedures. The QA/QC lab is usually characterized by the routine, repetitive nature of its workload. Testing is primarily to specification and, where lot acceptance or rejection is involved, is often on a grade category or pass/fail basis. Data may be archived for compliance with regulatory directives and for analyses of trends In material or process performance. [Pg.7]

Several attempts have been made to analyse the captodative effect through rotational barriers in free radicals. This approach seems to be well suited as it is concerned directly with the radical, i.e. peculiarities associated with bond-breaking processes do not apply. However, in these cases also one has to be aware that any influence of a substituent on the barrier height for rotation is the result of its action in the ground state of the molecule and in the transition structure for rotation. Stabilization as well as destabilization of the two states could be involved. Each case has to be looked at individually and it is clear that this will provide a trend analysis rather than an absolute determination of the magnitude of substituent effects. In this respect the analysis of rotational barriers bears similar drawbacks to all of the other methods. [Pg.159]

Corrective and preventive action (CAPA) is the term commonly used to describe the subsystem of a comprehensive quality system that deals with the systematic investigation, understanding, and response to quality issues including nonconformities. A corrective or preventive action may be initiated based on review and analysis of quality data from a variety of sources including adverse experiences, product complaints, quality audits, FDA inspections, third-party inspections, nonconforming materials reports, process control information, trend analyses, and other sources. [Pg.222]

However, recovery data were more easily obtained because of the increased concentration of solutes and in some instances the incorporation of an organic solvent in the desorption process that was compatible with GC analyses. The results of the different recovery studies are listed in Table II. The original reports should be read for details and complete recovery data (4-8, II, 12). Even though the recovery data indicate the shortcomings of preparing a representative concentrate of the organic contaminants in potable water, they do demonstrate certain trends concerning similar solutes and permit a limited comparison of methods. [Pg.420]

The bottom line is that most process validation teams should include or have access to a statistics expert. Because SPC offers many opportunities to improve costs and quality through trend analyses and control, SPC is recommended as a measure to be considered in any process validation program. [Pg.843]

EC detection is a promising alternative for capillary electrophoresis microchips due to its inherent characteristics, allowing a proper miniaturisation of the devices and compatibility with the fabrication processes, in case of an integrated detection. Moreover, the low cost associated permit the employment of disposable elements. As the EC event occurs on the surface of electrodes and the decrease in size usually results in new advantages (see Chapter 32), the possibilities of incorporating EC detectors are broad. The simplicity of the required instrumentation, portable in many cases, suit well with the scaling-down trend. Moreover, as the sample volume in conventional micro-channel devices is less than 1 nL, a very highly sensitive detector should be constructed to analyse even modest concentrations of sample solutions. Since sensitivity is one of the accepted characteristics of EC detection EC-CE microchips approach to the ideal analytical devices. [Pg.833]

One should not give too much quantitative meaning to such population analyses (which depend, for instance, on the atomic basis set used), but the trends in population rearrangements occurring during inversion may serve to characterize the process and compare the electronic structure of the molecular GS and TS. The following trends in electronic structure rearrangements have been found ... [Pg.90]

Chemicals must meet certain specifications to be salable. Thus, analysis of process steams must be regularly made to determine their quality. Although there is a trend toward on-line analysis, samples of process streams must still be taken to check instrument performance. Also, there are still many analyses that caimot be made on-line. According to Peters and Timmerhaus [4] and Humphreys [5], the cost of quality control varies from 10 to 20% of operating labor. Use a value of 20% in Table 2.1. [Pg.53]


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