Problem Redefinition

Exercises 2.19 through 2.30 describe scenarios in which the problem is poorly defined. Propose an improved definition of the problem for each scenario. Here are three example scenarios. 

PROBLEM Devise a plan to prevent the lion from eating the hikers. 

One hiker quickly discards her pack, removes her boots, and puts on her running shoes. What are you doing asks the second hiker. You can t outrun a mountain lion The first hiker responds, I don t have to outrun the lion -1 only have to outrun you.  

REAL PROBLEM Devise a way to avoid being eaten. 

Scenario 2 An issue arose during the development of the manned space program in the early 1960s. A space capsule reentering the Earth s atmosphere is heated by air friction to thousands of degrees. This is hazardous to the capsule contents, such as its human passengers. 

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But for Brown, the responsibility to work to the best of his ability to serve the legitimate interests of the client went a step beyond optimization and option disclosure. It encompassed a third derivative ethical responsibility problem redefinition. Instead of just make us a carbon-fiber bicycle, Brown helped Velo CEO Clark see that the company s goal was [to make the] best possible product, given all possible perspectives of the problem. This in turn involved helping the client see that the real problem was to build a lightweight bicycle frame that was equivalent in strength to their existing frame, whether made out of a fiber-reinforced composite material or out of a less exotic metallic material. ... 

Optimization, Option Disclosure, and Problem Redefinition Derivative Moral Obligations of Engineers and the Case of the Composite-Material Bicycle, Professional Ethics, Vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 5-25. 

Problem 10.1 gives the result before the redefinition of constants. 

Since the original problem is bilinear, a redefinition of variables was performed to transform it into a linear one, according to the strategy described in Section 4.3. 

Since the VLPT is formally exact, instead of looking for the best construction procedure for high order RDM s, the problem is reformulated as how to estimate the pure two-, three-, four-body correlation terms in the VLPT or, equivalently, the A, A, % whose expressions we now know and which in general are closely related but are not respectively identical to the two-body, three-body and four-body correlation terms. This redefinition of the problem is more precise - and therefore valuable - although we are fully aware that it does not provide the solution by itself. 

Even for d < 4 the question of existence of the continuous chain limit is not completely trivial. The problem is most easily analyzed by taking a Laplace transform with respect to the chain length, which results in the held theoretic representation of polymer theory. In field theory it is not hard to show that the limit — 0 can be taken only after a so-called additive renormalization we first have to extract some contributions which for — 0 would diverge. The extracted terms can be absorbed into a 1 renormalization he. a redefinition of the parameters of the model. Transfer riling back to polymer theory we find that this renormalization just shifts the chemical potential per segment. We thus can prove the following statement after an appropriate shift of the chemical potential the continuous chain limit for d < 4 can be taken order by order in perturbation theory. In this sense the continuous chain model or two parameter theory are a well defined limit of our model of discrete Gaussian chains. 

Keeping in mind the problems stated in the introduction, we have up to this point not made use of any procedures that would risk a physical formulation that would incorporate any loss of information and/or memory. It is true that the definition of an unstable state proceeds via the redefinition of appropriate domains and ranges. However, this is recoverable information within the realm of the time-independent formulation. What about the state of affairs in the time-dependent situation Formally it looks straightforward to write the causal evolution operator as... 

Gaining acceptance from stakeholders in setting the goals based on problem perceptions (including feedback and possible redefinition of objectives)... 

Symbolic. From the redefinition of the problem, carried out in the making the familiar strange phase, it is possible to look at attributes or keywords in the description to see if class-characteristics can be identified. The task is then to see if these characteristics suggest any new answers to the problem. 

These studies offer a reformulation of our present knowledge of zinc deficiency in a traditional, clinical manner. This reformulation is similar to that used by most other investigators dealing with other clinical problems. This reformulation or redefinition on the basis of acute, chronic and subacute zinc deficiency, has allowed for the classification of zinc deficiency syndromes with respect to etiology, incidence, onset, symptomatology and diagnostic procedures. This reformulation has also allowed for the development of hypotheses by which to test the usefulness of the definitions and to describe the characteristics which define each of the subcategories. 

The redefinition of some terms and the creation of new definitions will facilitate the expression of ideas that are currently of greatest interest. As far as the chemical aspect of the problem is concerned, especially with regard to organic photochemistry, the nomenclature used is largely that of ordinary reactions. For that reason, the development here will be concerned mainly with what Noyes, Porter, and Jolley (12) referred to as the "primary photochemical process." In addition, because of the growing importance of energy transfer in the study of photochemical systems and the almost complete lack of a coherent nomenclature, this aspect will be considered in the following treatment. 

Once you ve defined your opportunity, you can scope and focus your innovation projects. The Heuristic Redefinition technique will help you do this by identifying all the elements of your current solution and how they relate to one another. The Nine Windows technique will do this as well, adding the dimensions of time and scale to your innovation problem. Then Job Scoping is a simple but powerful technique for either narrowing or broadening your project s focus. 

Often the big "ah ha" when applying Heuristic Redefinition is the many new problem statements, or lower-order JTBDs, that pop up as a result of dissecting the high-order JTBD. Just when you thought you knew what you needed to do, Heuristic Redefinition can help you define this in a way that enables real innovation breakthrough at an actionable level. 

Say you want to make a house more energy efficient (a JTBD). But instead of tackling this problem as a whole, you could use Heuristic Redefinition to visually break the problem into smaller pieces. You could focus on any number of relevant system components the house itself, its insulation, the sun outside, the surrounding trees, the windows, the shades or blinds, the awnings over the windows, major appliances, or the house s ventilation system. With this breakdown, you can see the whole system and begin to hone in on the part(s) that promise to yield the most innovation for the least amount of effort, time, and resources invested. 

Jensen JK, Ovrehus K, Moldrup M, Mickley H, Hoilund-Carlsen PF. Redefinition of the Q wave is there a clinical problem Am J Cardiol 2006 97 974. 

It looks like the redefinition or renormalization, as the procedure is usually called solves most of the problems associated with the Dirac sea of electrons formalism. One problem still remains, however. For any reasonable choice of one may unambiguously assign a spinor to either the positive or the negative energy subspace. Such an assignment is, however, not universally valid as can... 

The well-established solution to this problem is the reinterpretation of the negative energy states as unoccupied antiparticle states with positive energy —e. The destruction of a particle with < —mc via must then be understood as the creation of an antiparticle and vice versa, which is reflected by a redefinition of the negative energy destruction and creation operators,... 

In this chapter this simple model is used to illustrate all these effects. We follow the treatment of Berne and Giniger (1973). In fact, with linearization and a suitable redefinition of parameters, the results for the above reaction can be applied to the dimerization problem (see Section 6.5)... 

Resonance absorption in closely packed assemblies. So far we have only treated the case in which the absorber lumps are so widely spaced that they do not interact with each other i.e., the distances between them are large compared to the moderator free path. An important generalization is the one to closely packed assemblies where this condition is not fulfilled. This case was first treated by Dancoff and Ginsburg [16]. The problem is solved in principle by a redefinition of the escape probability Pq, This quantity was defined as the probability that a neutron coming from a uniform source density in the absorber escapes from it, which means that for large separation of the absorber lumps it will make the next collision in the moderator. We now define an effective escape probability PJ for close assemblies, which means just the same, i.e., that a neutron bom with a flat distribution in an absorber makes its next collision in the moderator, excluding the cases in which, after traversal of one or more moderator sections, it collides inside another absorber lump. It is clear that under the flat-flux assumption, all previous formulas still hold when Pq is replaced by PJ, and it remains only to find appropriate expressions for the latter. 

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