Private operations

It is common outside of Europe and North America for bus service to be provided by private operators. The higher service efficiencies often achieved by private transit providers can translate into greater energy efficiency. While contracting out of transit service is possible for rail, it has been more common for bus operations. 

As the state-owned thermal power plants were not appropriately repaired they did not operate. The remaining private operative units operated only part time - mainly due to the lack of funds to purchase the fuel gas. The imports from Russia and Armenia were at a maximum during the winter 2002-2003. Hence, considerable energy debts were built up, that needed to be paid during the summer 2003. 

When developing relationships with federal laboratories, it is sometimes desirable for the company to invite federal laboratory employees to act as consultants. Eor scientists who are employees of the U.S. government, U.S. law declares their inventions to be U.S. property (42 U.S.C., Sec. 5908) and makes it difficult for them to work as consultants. Some privately operated federal laboratories apply these same rules to their employees. Others operate on a different set of rules. This is an area in which improvements and clarity would be welcomed. 

There is in Washington (732 Woodward Building) a privately operated Technical Information Service which may be of interest to chemists. Miss Bradshaw, its director, was employed for several years by a chemical corporation to assist in obtaining government... 

The data mostly refer to the number of replacement batteries, which is equivalent to that of the spent ones. Data on spent batteries are not always available, as the collection system is often irregular as it is managed by private operators. Furthermore, spent batteries often cross borders, e.g. France-Germany, East Europe-Germany or Austria, France-Spain, Scandinavian Countries-United Kingdom, and this factor determines some imcertainty as to whether the figures are correct.. 

Both for-hire and private operations are subject to the FMCSRs. In general, if your company operates a vehicle or combination of vehicles that is 10,001 pounds or more, you are operating commercial motor vehicles and your company is considered a motor carrier. 

Carry out evacuation actions as part of the facility fire plan. Zoning of the fire alarm system remains the key action when defending in-place occupancies. Coordinate fire notification zones and publish in the fire plan. Note that fire alarm zones do not necessarily coincide with smoke compartment boundaries. NFPA 72 allows private mode operation of the fire alarm notification. This allows the staff to know the alarm origin and location. NFPA 72 modifies the requirement for placement of visible notification appliances when operating in the private operating mode. NFPA 101 now allows the use of positive alarm sequence. The sequence includes the following ... 

The inception of S-band sateUite broadcasting in the U.S. began in 1997, when the FCC auctioned two 12.5 MHz-wide frequency bands to private operators. Commercial SateUite DAB commenced in late 2001 and 2002 when systems licensees XM Satellite Radio and Sirius SateUite Radio began broadcasting to subscribers. Both systems offer numerous commercial-free music channels and other content (See http //www.xmsatelliteradio.com and http //www.sirius.com). 

Title III of the ADA builds upon the foundation established by the Architectural Barriers Act and the Rehabilitation Act. This title basically extends the prohibitions that currently exist against the prohibition discrimination to apply to all privately operated public accommodations. Title III focuses on the accommodations in public facilities, including such covered entities as retail stores, law offices, medical facilities, and other public areas. This section requires that goods, services, and facilities of any public place provide the most integrated setting appropriate to the needs of the (qualified individual with a disability) except where that individual may pose a direct threat to the safety and health of others that cannot be eliminated through modification of company procedures, practices, or policies. Prohibited discrimination under this section includes prejudice or bias against the individual with a disability in the full and equal enjoyment of these services and facilities. ... 

The Waste Disposal Authorities continue to exist mostly as County Councils in England, District Councils in Wales and Islands or District Councils in Scotland. These bodies do not undertake disposal themselves but will contract this service to private operators or Local Authority Waste Disposal Companies. 

At this point we have to differentiate between a private operator and pubUc utiU-ties functioning as an operator. Industrial companies are not subject to compulsory tendering. This means that possible tenderers can be determined independently and contacted directly. The operator himself can even choose the mode of awarding. 

There were no personnel units at the CWS sections of the ports of embarkation or at the CWS government-owned, privately operated plants. Requests for funds to cover authorization of civilian positions in the chemical sections of the ports were forwarded through the commanding officers of the ports to the Office of the Chief, CWS. It was incumbent upon port chemical officers to supply the Chief s office with pertinent data relating to the jobs, such as organization charts and job descriptions. The OC CWS, particularly the Supply Division, kept close watch on all port activ-... 

In 1942 construction was also begun on two government-owned and privately operated plants and in 1943 on another five such plants. Besides the construction work done on arsenals and plants, the following major CWS facilities were erected in whole or part in 1942-43 Camp Sibert, Deseret Depot, Dugway Proving Ground, and Camp Detrick. In 1944, when War Department construction had been virtually completed, addi-... 

In contrast to the practice at CWS arsenals and privately operated plants, there was no CWS inspection of fuzes loaded at Ordnance plants. Since the Ordnance Department was the biggest and presumably the most competent munitions loader in the United States, the CWS felt that it did not need to have inspectors at those plants. This arrangement was discussed and agreed upon by the CWS and the Ordnance Department. ... 

Mobile radio communication started in the 1920s in the United States as a oneway service to police cars. In 1946, a mobile telephone service for private users, the Mobile telephony system (MTS), was introduced in the US market by AT T (Calhoun 1988). This service was later operated by several private operators, the radio common carriers (RCC). In the 1950s mobile telephony started in Europe. 

An international comparison shows that the introduction of cellular telephony and the introduction of competition varies internationally (Table 4-4). Most European countries only granted licenses to private operators in the 1990s, when the digital systems became available and after the EU commission recommended competition (Paetsch 1993). Although the time of introduction of cellular telephony is seen in this thesis as endogenous, the time of introduction of competition can explain some deviations from the correlation between start of cellular service and market penetration. For instance, although cellular telephony was introduced in Japan first in 1979, the penetration rate in 1995 was much lower than in other... 

In the majority of developed areas, municipal sewage treatment means the purification of wastewaters coming from domestic, institutional, commercial and industrial activities, combined with street and other hard surface run-off, all carried by a sewerage system and delivered to a treatment works owned by the municipality or by a private operator. Its objective is to convert this mixed waste into a treated liquid effluent that may be safely returned to the natural environment. Untreated sewage, on discharge to a watercourse for example, would consume oxygen, thus... 

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