Private certifiers

In countries that rely on high levels of imports such as the UK, or domestic transactions in the US where there are a high number of certifiers, both approaches require excessive levels of skilled labour for any individual certification office. This problem is accentuated by the existence and strength of private organic logos, which are particularly prevalent in Europe. 

In many countries, clear leading organic brands have developed, such as KRAV in Sweden, the Soil Association in the UK, and the French government-sponsored generic 

AB label, each with their own requirements. There is little doubt that each brand will fight to maintain market share, in part to maintain the viability of the inspection body, but also to further their own view of what constitutes organic. 

As the market grows, change in this area is inevitable. Whether it will be a fundamental change in the way programmes view equivalence or just streamlined procedures for assessing equivalence, remains to be seen. 

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As a result of the reaction to the Proposed Rule, the USDA withdrew to reconsider. In October 1998 it published three National Organic Programme Issue Papers, two on livestock and one on the authority of private certifiers to decertify operators. Once more, significant response was received and no further papers have been produced. As at December 1999, the second version of the Rule has not appeared. 

Within the context of the EU Regulation, the approach to assessing equivalence of third country (i.e. countries outside the EU) exports and their inspection systems are much the same as that developed by private certifiers. 

The Promochem Group was the first international specialist supplier of certified reference materials (CRMs) and pharmaceutical reference substances used in environmental, medical and trace element analysis. Their experience provides a viewpoint that echoes, reinforces and expands on many of the trends discussed above (Jenks 1997). From the middle of the 1980 s, sales of CRM by Promochem increased between 10 % and 20 % annually, depending on the market sector and application. Since then National and International Metrology Institutes, such as the now privatized U.K. Laboratory of the Government Chemist (LGC), the European and U.S. Pharmacopoeias, the E.U. IRMM and others have recognized that efficient distribution of RMs, backed by available technical support, is as important as production and certification. Thus, they have moved to spread their influence outside their national origins. The Web and e-commerce will continue to grow as major facilitators of better information dissemination and supply of CRMs. 

Board certified in family practice and environmental medicine, Erica Elliott, M.D., has a private practice and lives in an adobe-style cobousing community surrounded by cacti, footpaths, and creative energy on the edge of Santa Fe. 

Clean development mechanisms-, non-Annex I parties can create certified emissions reductions (CERs) by developing projects that reduce net emissions of greenhouse gases. Annex-I parties (both governments and private entities) can help to finance these projects and purchase the resulting credits as a means of meeting their own reduction commitments. 

American National Standards Institute (ANSI) ANSI has served in its capacity as administrator and coordinator of the United States private sector voluntary standardization system for 80 years. The Institute is a private, nonprofit membership organization supported by a diverse constituency of private and public sector organizations. ANSI Z21.83 has been published and provides a means of testing and certifying the safety of stationary fuel cell power plants having a capacity of less than 1 MW. 

Regarding laboratory certification for private laboratories, the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) state the conditions that all laboratories must meet to be certified to perform testing on human specimens under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (57 FR 7139, Feb. 28,1992). The requirements do not apply to any... 

Excellent childbirth classes can certainly exist in various environments—your birth location (hospital or birth center), an independent education center, or in a series taught by a private educator. As a certified childbirth educator and labor support doula, I know how seriously women should and do take childbirth class, and so I would like to offer some recommendations of my own. 

A reference material producer is a technically competent body [organisation or firm, public or private] that is fully responsible for assigning the certified or property values of reference materials it produces and supplies which have been produced in accordance with ISO Guides 31 and 35.)... 

USA SOUTH AMERICA Adopted but not implemented Private and state certifiers... 

Contrasted with Germany and the UK, the situation in Denmark is relatively simple. In this case the control body, a government agency, is the only organisation permitted to certify. There are, consequently, no private certification bodies. 

The administration body often refers to an expert s appraisement and renounces for type testing and inspection. These activities are carried out by certifying bodies, state-owned facilities or privately owned companies. 

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