Printing electronically

Photomechanical stencils are of two types direct coatings and transfer films. Direct coatings are either bichromated gelatin or bichromated poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The coated screens are exposed through a positive, washed, and inspected. These screens are used for printing electronic components. They are not practical for commercial work because of the difficulty of reclaiming the screen after use. 

The advent of a new class of materials systems based on nanoscale particles dispersed or suspended in carrier and/or binders has captured the attention of the microelectronics technical community. These materials provide the opportunity to use inexpensive solution processing equipment versus expensive vacuum deposition equipment commonly used in the microelectronics manufacturing industry. Experts in the microelectronics industry have suggested that over the course of the next live years, the industry will experience a paradigm shift in manufacturing and, more importantly, will enjoy revenue streams created from never-before-seen products based on printed electronics. 

Petrat, F. 2006. Printed electronics—Opportunities for the chemical industry. Presented at the Organic Electronics Conference and Exhibition 2006, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany Sept. 27, 2006. 

Webb, W. 2007. Printed electronics Ink on the brink. Electronics Weekly. September 24. Accessed http //www.electronicsweekly.com/Articles/2007/09/24/42254/printed +electronics+ink+on+the+brink.htm. 

Li Y, Wu X, Ong BS (2005) Facile synthesis of silver nanoparticles useful for fabrication of high-conductivity elements for printed electronics. J Am Chem Soc 127 3266-3267... 

Very low cost, medium performance printed electronics A less controversial area is printed (or organic) electronics. The objective in this rapidly developing field is to develop alternatives to silicon and conventional photolithography as the basis for electronic systems151"153. Initially, the devices produced using this technology would have relatively low performance, but very low cost. These devices would be directed toward applications (for example, RF ID tags154) where one-time use would dictate cost and performance. 

Bock, K.H., Reel to reel manufacturing of printed electronics and systems, Printed Electronics Europe 2005, Cambridge, 2005. 

Inks Coatings Manufacturer Pigments, Colorants Varnishes Conductive lnks Printed Electronic Technologies Inkjet Digital Printing Hardware Software Consulting Services... 

The first five chapters of the book focus on fundamental aspects of printing technologies, pigments and ink formulations and, and interactions of the inks with the substrates. The next six chapters focus on actual inkjet inks formulations and raw materials, by discussing the main groups of inks waterborne, solvent-based, and UV inks. The last five chapters present rmique ink systems and functional inks, such as those for obtaining 3D structures or printed electronic devices. 

Feature size Another challenge is associated with feature size reduction, especially for sophisticated printing of functional materials, such as in printed electronics. This can be achieved by combined effects of the whole printing system, such as surface treatment of the substrates (see separate chapter) and achieving unique rheological behavior of the ink. 

The market for printed electronics, including organic, inorganic, and composite materials, was estimated at 1.2 billion in 2007, with expected growth to a level of 48.2 bUhon level by 2017. ... 

Most of the conductive IJ inks that are commercially available today, and a majority of the development work being performed as of 2008, utilize silver-based inks for reasons discussed later in this article. Major applications in printed electronics which are currently the focus of significant development work with conductive inkjet inks are summarized in Table 1... 

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