Printed electronics-based products

The advent of a new class of materials systems based on nanoscale particles dispersed or suspended in carrier and/or binders has captured the attention of the microelectronics technical community. These materials provide the opportunity to use inexpensive solution processing equipment versus expensive vacuum deposition equipment commonly used in the microelectronics manufacturing industry. Experts in the microelectronics industry have suggested that over the course of the next live years, the industry will experience a paradigm shift in manufacturing and, more importantly, will enjoy revenue streams created from never-before-seen products based on printed electronics. 

Internet The same rules and regulations that apply to print-based product claims and advertising apply to electronic on-line activities controlled by pharmaceutical companies. 

The various markets for printed electronics must be analyzed separately. In many areas, devices based on organic materials are in direct competition with crystalline or polycrystalline silicon-based devices. Although silicon devices typically offer a significant performance advantage (as far as speed, logic complexity, etc.), printed electronics often win from a cost perspective. The flexibility of the substrate is also important for applications such as consumer product packaging. 

Unfortunately, organic materials are much more permeable to moisture and oxygen than metals and ceramics, for example. This is why there is a thin aluminum layer in the paper-based containers for many dairy and juice products. As mentioned previously, this is particularly important in LEDs and n-doped transistors, which are more sensitive to oxygen and water than electrochromic displays, for example. There are commercial solutions for manufacturing such a seal based on ceramics, for example, but many require vacuum processing. While compatible with roll-to-roll manufacturing, such encapsulation techniques can quickly dominate the cost of producing printed electronics. 

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Miscellaneous. Ruthenium dioxide-based thick-film resistors have been used as secondary thermometers below I K (92). Ruthenium dioxide-coated anodes ate the most widely used anode for chlorine production (93). Ruthenium(IV) oxide and other compounds ate used in the electronics industry as resistor material in apphcations where thick-film technology is used to print electrical circuits (94) (see Electronic materials). Ruthenium electroplate has similar properties to those of rhodium, but is much less expensive. Electrolytes used for mthenium electroplating (95) include [Ru2Clg(OH2)2N] Na2[Ru(N02)4(N0)0H] [13859-66-0] and (NH 2P uds(NO)] [13820-58-1], Several photocatalytic cycles that generate... 

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