Primary irritation index

Scores for erythema and oedema at the 24 and 48-h readings are added together for the three rabbits (12 values) and divided by 6 to give the primary irritation index (PII). This index is used to classify the material from non-irritant (0), mild irritant (>0-2), moderate irritant (>2->5) to severe irritant (>5). 

Test sample Concentration ratio of Cl-MTT(wt%) Primary irritation index (PE) Dermal irritation toxicity categories... 

Based on the scores over 72 hours (Table 7), the primary irritation index (PII) for FIBCIDE-K58 is 0.7, with a descriptive rating of slight irritation . On the other hand, the PII for KATHON WT is 8.0, with a descriptive rating of severe irritation. 

According to Draize, a primary irritation index was calculated by adding the results from the 6 animals 24 and 72 hours after administration and dividing the score by 12 (6 animals x 2 observations) of the mean of grades from both the intact skin site and the braded site. He graded the irritation index into the following irritation indices ... 

The mean values of the six rabbits for erythema and eschar formation at 24 and 72 h for both intact and abraded skin (four values) are added. The mean values of the six rabbits for edema at 24 and 72 h (four values) are also added. The total of eight values is divided by 4 to give the primary irritation index. Values of 5 or greater are considered indicative of a positive irritant. ... 

Another way of scoring is the Primary Irritation Index (PII). This is found by taking the average of the erythema scores for both abraded and nonabraded sites and adding this to the average of the edema scores both for abraded and nonabraded sites. 

In the FHSA test, 0.5 g or 0.5 ml of the test substance is moistened with physiological saline and applied to the intact and abraded skin of rabbits for 24 hours. The site of contact is examined after 24 and 72 hours and the extent of irritation is ranked on a scale (Primary Irritation Index) of increasing... 

In an irritation study using New Zealand albino rabbits, the primary irritation index of arnica in a base of soybean oil and tocopherol was 0 (Henkel Corp. 1997). A mixture of arnica extract, butylene glycol, and water, applied topically, was not irritating to rabbits (Ichimaru Pharcos Co. 1995). Open application of arnica absolute and arnica resinoid was not irritating to mouse skin (RIFM 1996a, 1996b). 

Primary irritation index (skin) on rabbits M3 Primary irritation index (skin) on rabbits 2-80... 

Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) < 2 g/kg Draize eye score 103/110 corrosive dermal rabbit primary irritation index 5.9 causes permanent skin damage will cause eye burns and permanent tissue damage excessive vapor concentrations are irritating to eyes, respiratory tract and may cause headaches, dizziness TSCA listed Environmental LC50 (fathead minnow, 96h) 11 mg/L... 

The Primary Dermal Irritation Index is calculated for the test substance or control substance by dividing the sum of the Total Irritation Scores by the number of observations (three days x six animals = 18 observations). 

The categories of the Primary Dermal Irritation Index (PDII) are as follows [this categorization of dermal irritation is a modification of the original classification described by Draize et al. (1944)] ... 

Gillman, M.R., Jackson, E.M., Cerven, D.R. and Moreno, M.T. (1983). Relationship between the primary dermal irritation index and ocular irritation. J. Toxicol. - Cut. Ocular Toxicol. 2 107-117. 

The test substance will not be studied for eye irritation if it is a strong acid (pH of 2.0 or less) or strong alkali (pH of 11.0 or greater) and/or if the test substance is a severe dermal irritant (with a primary dermal irritation index (PDll) of 5-8) or causes corrosion of the skin. 

Hexachlorophene, a phenolic derivative, is a rare sensitizer. Fregert and Hjorth (1969) reported a sensitization index of 0.3% in 660 patients, while acute primary irritant contact dermatitis occurred more frequently (Baker et al. 1969), especially in susceptible skin such as on the scrotum. Positive patch tests believed to be crossreactions to hexachlorophene were found in patients with allergy to tetra-chlorosalicylanilide (Wilkinson 1962 Jillson and Baughman 1963), bithionol, and dichlorophene (Epstein 1966). 

Properties M.w. 285.48 m.p. 43-45 C ref. index 1.5460 Toxicology Primary irritant TSCA listed Uses Base used for resolution of acids ManufJDIstrib. Aldrich Fluka Trade Names Amine D ... 

C b.p. 300 C sapon. no. 480 ref. index 1.437 Toxicology ED50 (oral, rat) 22,600 pl/kg, (skin, rabbit) 8 g/kg mildly toxic by ing. and skin contact primary irritant TSCA listed Precaution Combustible... 

Properties Amber vise, lig. sol. in most org. soivs. and water m.w. 189.31 dens. 0.9980 (20/20 C) vapor pressure < 0.01 mm Hg (20 C) m.p. -30 C b.p. 340 C (dec.) flash pt. (OC) 325 F ref. index 1.5055 Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) 3990 mg/kg, (dermal, rabbit) 660 mg/kg, (IV, mouse) 320 mg./kg poison by ing. and IV route mod. toxic by skin contact corrosive strong primary irritant to skin, eyes, mucous membranes causes burns mutagen TSCA listed Precaution Combustible exposed to heat or flame corrosive can react with oxidizing materials... 

Properties Colorless mobile liq. sweet and pungent odor, more agreeable than turpentine odor misc. with fat soivs. and oils pract. insol. in water m.w. 136.24 dens. 0.857 b.p. 168-169 (705 mm) ref. index 1.4740 Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) 4800 mg/kg mildly toxic by ing. primary irritant irritating to eyes, skin, respiratory system TSCA listed Precaution Flamm. readily oxidized on exposure to air... 

Properties Colorless cryst. or pale yel. vise, liq. spicy odor sol. in paraffin oil si. sol. in hot paraffin oil m.w. 129.17 dens. 1.023-1.031 m.p. 22 C (trans), -4 C (cis) ref. index 1.599-1.604 (20 C) Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) 4150 mg/kg LDLo (IV, rabbit) 34 mg/kg, (subcut., guinea pig) 130 mg/kg harmful by inh., ing., skin contact primary irritant TSCA listed Uses Fragrance for perfumes and soaps Features Spice/woody/herbal/cinnamon fragrance Manuf./Distrib. Acros Org. http //www.acros.be... 

Properties Water-wh. to It. amber liq. orcryst. pleasant floral odor misc. with alcohol, ether, benzene, toluene, aromatic soivs. insol. in water, glycerol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol m.w. 134.18 dens. 1.01 kg/l (20 C) vapor pressure 1 mm (50 C) f.p. 18.6 C m.p. 21 C b.p. 217-218 C flash pt. 87 C ref. index 1.5258 Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) 4490 pl/kg, (IP, mouse) 100 mg/kg, (subcut., mouse) 2250 mg/kg, (skin, rabbit) 4490 mg/kg poison by IP route mod. toxic by subcut. route mildly toxic by ing., skin contact primary irritant skin/eye irritant TSCA listed... 

Properties Colorless liq. floral geranium-like odor sol. in alcohol insol. in water m.w. 236.35 dens. 0.93 kg/l (15 C) b.p. 130 C (5 mm) flash pt. (CC) 230 F ref. index 1.478 Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) > 5 g/kg, (skin, rabbit) > 5 g/kg primary irritant may be irritating to skin and eyes TSCA listed Precaution Avoid strong oxidizers Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Combustion prods. CO, CO2... 

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