Pressure vessels small pipe connections

The gasket consists of a lens shaped ring of heat treated low alloy steel or some other metal. The ring should be softer than the flange face. Flardness of the conventional lens ring varies with the metal required for the service condition. This joint is ideal for pipe and tube applications. It can be used for small connections and can be used for pressure vessel closures but is better suited for piping applications. 

SCOR is a compact reactor in many ways similar to BWRs and the SIR concept [10]. The containment is assumed consist of a pressure suppression compartment. The specific feature of the SCOR design is that it includes two physically separated areas one located below the mating surface that couples the reactor and the SG and another one located above this surface. The upper area contains the reactor vessel with all its small diameter pipe connections. The lower area is in contact with only the secondary system when the reactor is in operation, and with the primary system during maintenance operations. 

The compartment of the primary side (or primary containment) is located under the reactor vessel-SG mating surface. It contains the vessel and primary pipe connections. The volume is small. A pressure suppression device, as in BWRs, controls the pressure. This compartment has an inert atmosphere to manage the hydrogen risk. 

The main additional test sections are the steam drum (L = 5m, D=1.5m, V = 8 m ) and two vertical pipes (D = 50 and 200 mm, L = 10 m) to be used for the instrumentation development, evaluation of flow profiles, WWER steam generator behaviour during small break LOCA and the investigation of heat up, local steam production and temperature stratification in large water pools and turbulence. Additionally several junctions are foreseen for the connection of further test sections like a PWR hot leg model [4], The pressure vessel has been removed but is still available if needed. 

Any horizontal force imposed on the vessel by ancillary equipment, the line of thrust of which does not pass through the centre line of the vessel, will produce a torque on the vessel. Such loads can arise through wind pressure on piping and other attachments. However, the torque will normally be small and usually can be disregarded. The pipe work and the connections for any ancillary equipment will be designed so as not to impose a significant load on the vessel. 

The seal-pot technique has been widely and successfully used. It consists of a closed chamber, half filled with liquid metal and connected by a small line to the point in the piping at which the pressure is being measured. The pressure of the inert gas in the upper half of the vessel is adjusted to balance the liquid metal pressure, so that the level in the chamber is constant. The gas pressure is then measured by conventional means. Proper operation requires that the chamber operate above the oxide saturation temperature of the liquid metal to prevent concentration of oxides in the chamber, and that provision be made to prevent plugging of the gas lines by condensed and solidified sodium. 

The seal pot vessel and its components must be chlorine-resistant. Rubber-lined and FRP construction are the most common. The vessel must be able to withstand the small pressure and vacuum which may exist in the process. Since it is connected to the chlorine header, thermal expansion and contraction of the pipe must be considered in placement and support of the seal vessel. 

This design provides high velocity and turbulence within the jacket. This in turn will result in an unusually high film coefficient. The half pipe coil is recommended for high temperature and all liquid applications. It is better than conventional jackets because the pressure drop can be carefully controlled and calculated. It is not however practical for small vessels, less than 500 gallons. Because there are no limitations to the number of inlet and outlet connections, this type of jacketing can be divided into multiple zones for maximum flexibility and efficiency. 

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