Pressure ventilation

Pressure ventilation The ventilation of a space by providing air movement from a high-pressure region to a low-pressure region. 

FPN No. 1) In some cases, hazards may be reduced or hazardous (classified) locations limited or eliminated by adequate positive-pressure ventilation from a source of clean air in conjunction with effective safeguards against ventilation failure. 

J. Pressure ventilated large induction or synchronous motors A Pressure Ventilated motor requires a closed pressure system to force filtered air or nitrogen into the motor casing (housing) to avoid corrosive or explosive conditions internally. Constance reference 56 describes some of the details of such a system also see Ecker et al. [69]. 

Discharge from the intensive care unit requires maintenance of the preceding parameters in the absence of ongoing IV infusion therapy, mechanical circulatory support, or positive-pressure ventilation. 

Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) provides ventilatory support with oxygen and pressurized airflow using a face or nasal mask with a tight seal but without endotracheal intubation. In patients with acute respiratory failure due to COPD exacerbations, NPPV was associated with lower mortality, lower intubation rates, shorter hospital stays, and greater improvements in serum pH in 1 hour compared with usual care. Use of NPPV reduces the complications that often arise with invasive mechanical ventilation. NPPV is not appropriate for patients with altered mental status, severe acidosis, respiratory arrest, or cardiovascular instability. 

Figure 3-5 The difference between a positive and a negative pressure ventilation system. The negative pressure system ensures that contaminants do not leak into workplace environments.

Apply Positive Pressure Ventilation using PEEP at 4 cm/water or CPAP mask. 

Dacey JWH. 1981. Pressurized ventilation in the yeUow water lily. Ecology 62 1137-1147. 

Agent rate (minutes) Anesthesia reaction to pain paralysis pressure Ventilation Note... 

Anesthetic techniques that have minimized adverse effects include the use of muscle relaxants and, more recently, nerve stimulators to assess adequacy of relaxation, the introduction of very rapid acting, short-duration barbiturates, and the use of atropinic agents to minimize the cardiovascular response to a combination of a seizure and anesthesia (93). In addition, 100% oxygenation (adequacy monitored by a pulse oximeter) with positive-pressure ventilation can minimize related cardiac events and memory disruption. 

Rarely, prolonged apnea may occur in those susceptible because of an inability to adequately metabolize succinylcholine (i.e., increased pseudocholinesterase levels). This condition requires continued positive-pressure ventilation until the patient begins spontaneous respiration. 

Pieters T, Amy JJ, Burrini D, Aubert G, Rodenstein DO, Collard Ph. Normal pregnancy in primary alveolar hypoventilation treated with nocturnal nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Eur Respir J 1995 8 1424—1427. 

Figure 2. Respiratory protective equipment. One-piece positive pressure ventilated suits. Mine Safety Appliances Company...

Intubation and positive pressure ventilation may complicate pneumothoracies and tension pnuemothoracies. 

How should hospitals increase their capacity to provide mechanical ventilation for a surge of patients with acute respiratory failure during a mass casualty event or influenza pandemic Rubinson and colleagues address this issue in a recently published article (Rubinson, Branson, Pesik, Talmor, 2006). Their report is based on an evaluation and assessment of a wide range of positive pressure ventilation (PPV) equipment, with the goal of determining the suitability of each device for mass casualty care. The article provides information useful for determining which types of PPV equipment would be the best choice for hospitals in need of a serviceable alternative to full feature ventilators, which will be in short supply and are too expensive for hospitals to stockpile. 

Rubinson, L., Branson, R.D., Pesik, N., Talmor, D. (2006). Positive pressure ventilation equipment for mass casualty respiratory failure. Biosecarity and Bioterror, 4, 1-11. 

Sleeplessness in ALS has numerous causes. Respiratory insufficiency, difficulty repositioning in bed, anxiety and depression can all contribute to poor sleep. Treatment of depression with sedating antidepressants such as mirtazapine, tricyclic antidepressants, or trazadone can help promote sleep. Zolpidem, a non benzodiazepine sleep aid, is effective and carries a low risk of respiratory depression. Other medications that can be helpful include anithistamines, chloral hydrate and selective use of benzodiazepines (Gordon and Mitsumoto, 2006). Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation can help relieve orthopnea in those with respiratory muscle weakness, and special equipment, such as a hospital bed, can reduce nighttime discomfort. 

Keller C, Sparr HJ, Brimacombe JR. Positive pressure ventilation with the laryngeal mask airway in non-paralysed patients comparison of sevoflurane and propofol maintenance techniques. Br J Anaesth 1998 80(3) 332-6. 

When nasal sufentanil was used to induce anesthesia in children, ventilatory compliance was mildly or markedly reduced and one child required suxamethonium, oxygen, and positive pressure ventilation (SEDA-16, 86). 

Hall SV, Johnson EE, Hedley-Whyte J. Renal hemodynamics and function with continuous positive-pressure ventilation in dogs. Anesthesiology 1974 41 (5) 452-61. 

Harvard rodent positive pressure ventilator (Harvard Apparatus Co.). 

Intubate via a tracheotomy and ventilate with room air at a tidal volume of 18-22 mL and 46-50 strokes/min using a Harvard rodent positive pressure ventilator. Continuously monitor the ECG (Fig. 4). 

Positive pressure ventilation via a face mask, such as biphasic intermittent positive airway pressure violation or continuous positive airway pressure ventilation... 

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