Pregnancy steroids

M7. Meyer, C. J., Increases of free cortisol in plasmas of patients with toxemia of pregnancy. Steroids Suppl. 1, 199-205 (1965). 

Siiteri, P. K., and MacDonald, P. C., The utilization of circulating dehydroiso-androsterone sulfate for estrogen synthesis during human pregnancy. Steroids 2, 713-730 (1963). 

Naftolin, F., Neutral Ci -steroids and steroid sulfates in human pregnancy. Steroids 8, 179-193 (1966). 

Setchell KDR, Adlercreutz H. The excretion of two new phenolic compounds (Compound 180/442 and Compound 180/410) during the human menstrual cycle and in pregnancy. / Steroid Biochem. 1979 ll xv-xvi. 

As we have seen in this chapter steroids have a number of functions in human physiology Cholesterol is a component part of cell mem branes and is found in large amounts in the brain Derivatives of cholic acid assist the digestion of fats in the small intestine Cortisone and its derivatives are involved in maintaining the electrolyte balance in body fluids The sex hormones responsible for mascu line and feminine characteristics as well as numerous aspects of pregnancy from conception to birth are steroids... 

The anabolic steroids are contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the dni, liver disorders, or serious cardiac disease, and in men with prostate gland disorders (eg, prostate carcinoma and prostate enlargement). The anabolic steroids are classified as Pregnancy Category X dru and should not be administered during pregnancy and lactation. Anabolic steroids are contraindicated when used to enhance physical appearance or athletic performance... 

Metronidazole (Flagyl) Antenatal Steroids 2 g orally once Safe during pregnancy. During lactation, temporarily stop breast-feeding for 12-24 hours. 

Matt, D.W., Lee, J., Sarver, P.L., Judd, H.L. and Lu, J.K.H. (1986). Chronological changes in fertility, fecundity, and steroid hormone secretion during consecutive pregnancies in aging rats. Biol. Reprod. 34 478 487. 

Diclofenac is a phenylacetic acid derivative, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is available as the potassium and sodium salts. Potassium salts are slightly more soluble than the sodium salts. Diclofenac can be used in breastfeeding mothers since the amount that passes through breast milk is too small to be harmful to the baby. However, diclofenac is contraindicated in pregnancy, especially during the last trimester. 

Other components of the urine are conjugates with sulfuric acid, glucuronic acid, glycine, and other polar compounds that are synthesized in the liver by biotransformation (see p. 316). In addition, metabolites of many hormones (catecholamines, steroids, serotonin) also appear in the urine and can provide information about hormone production. The proteohormone chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, mass ca. 36 kDa), which is formed at the onset of pregnancy, appears in the urine due to its relatively small size. Evidence of hCG in the urine provides the basis for an immunological pregnancy test. 

Ectopic as well as intrauterine pregnancy may occur in contraceptive failures. Lactation Hormonal contraceptives may interfere with lactation, decreasing both the quantity and the quality of breast milk. A small amount of OC steroids is excreted in breast milk. A few adverse effects on the nursing infant have been reported, including jaundice and breast enlargement. 

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