Pregnancy nausea

Recommend a pharmacotherapy regimen that is likely to minimize risk to the fetus or baby for the following disorders that are commonly experienced during pregnancy nausea and vomiting, constipation, hemorrhoids, heartburn, pain, and upper respiratory symptoms. 

This compound has antihistaminic activity and is usehil in the therapy of motion sickness. It may also be effective in the control of post-operative nausea and vomiting. It is classified as FDA Category B for Pregnancy, ie, no demonstrated risks shown in animal studies however, no controlled trials in pregnant women. Large doses may cause drowsiness and dry mouth owing to decreased secretion of saUva. 

Toxicological studies have demonstrated that there are no important problems with fluconazole. Therapeutic doses of fluconazole may cause enzyme induction in the Hver. This suggests that interactions with other dmgs cannot be excluded. The side effects are similar to those of itraconazole and include nausea, headache, and vertigo. Occasionally, increased Hver enzymes may be noted. Like itraconazole, fluconazole is contraindicated during pregnancy. 

Ovarian enlargement, nausea, vomiting, breast tenderness, ectopic pregnancy, abdominal discomfort... 

Dantrolene is the mainstay of MH treatment. It has long been available for the treatment of muscle spasm in cerebral palsy and similar diseases. It is a hydantoin derivative that was first synthesized in 1967, and reported to be effective in the treatment of porcine MH in 1975. Also in 1975, dantrolene was shown to be more effective than procainamide in the treatment of human MH, which until that time was the drug of choice. However, the intravenous preparation was not made available until November 1979. It significantly lowered mortality. The half-life of dantrolene is estimated to be 6-8 hr. Dantrolene s primary mode of action is the reduction in calcium release by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Dantrolene also exerts a primary antiarrhythmic effect by increasing atrial and ventricular refractory periods. Side effects of dentrolene include hepatotoxicity, muscle weakness, ataxia, blurred vision, slurred speech, nausea, and vomiting. Dantrolene is not contraindicated in pregnancy, but it does cross into breast milk and its effect on the neonate is unknown. 

Recommend a treatment regimen for a patient with nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy, surgery, pregnancy, or motion sickness. 

Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy affects the majority of pregnant women the teratogenic potential of the therapy is the primary therapeutic consideration. 

What general considerations about treating nausea and vomiting of pregnancy will you discuss with this patient ... 

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG practice bulletin nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2004 103 803-814. 

Effectiveness of acupuncture and acupressure for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy has not been clearly proven in clinical studies, but both methods are safe to recommend.10,16 Benefits may include a reduction in nausea and dry heaving but not in vomiting.10... 

Hyperemesis gravidarum A rare disorder of severe and persistent nausea and vomiting during pregnancy that can result in dehydration, malnutrition, weight loss, and hospitalization. 

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