Prefixes hydrate

Name of anhydrous compound followed by (number prefix)hydrate, where (number prefix) indicates the number of water molecules associated with one formula unit of anhydrous compound... 

Ionic compounds often separate from water solution with molecules of water incorporated into the solid. Such compounds are referred to as hydrates. An example is hydrated copper sulfate, which contains five moles of H20 for every mole of CuS04. Its formula is CuS04- 5H20 a dot is used to separate the formulas of the two compounds CuS04 and H20. A Greek prefix is used to show the number of moles of water the systematic name of CuS04- 5H20 is copper(ll) sulfate pentahydrate. 

Step 4 If water molecules appear in the formula, the compound is a hydrate. Add the word hydrate with a Greek prefix corresponding to the number of water molecules in front of H20. 

Ionic compounds are named by starting with the name of the cation (with its oxidation number if more than one charge is possible), followed by the name of the anion hydrates are named by adding the word hydrate, preceded by a Greek prefix indicating the number of water molecules in the formula unit. 

Water, as the simplest alcohol, should also be able to act as a nucleophile towards aldehydes and ketones and produce a gem-d o, sometimes termed a hydrate. The prefix gem is an abbreviation for geininal (Latin gemini twins) we use it to indicate two like groups on the same carbon. However, for most aldehydes and ketones, the equilibrium is unfavourable, and the reaction is not important. 

As Hydrates of l207 Acid As Hydrates of HI04 Prefix... 

Water molecules often occupy positions within the lattice of an ionic crystal. These compounds are called hydrates, and the water molecules are known as water of hydration. The water of hydration is added after a centered dot in a formula. In a name, a number-prefix (listed below for molecular compounds) indicating the number of water molecules is followed by the root -hydrate. 

Hydrates are stable crystalline compounds consisting of other compounds that are stable in their own right, with certain numbers of water molecules attached (see Section 5.1). Naming and writing formulas for hydrates is easy. We simply name the compound first and then combine a Table 6.1 prefix that identifies the number of water molecules with the word hydrate to indicate the presence of the water molecules. For example, CUSO4 5H2O is called copper(ll) sulfate pen-tahydrate. CUSO4 may be called anhydrous copper(ll) sulfate, if we wish to emphasize that no water is attached. 

Hydrates—compounds with water attached—are named with a prefix from Table 6.1 attached to the word hydrate to denote the number of water molecules. 

I The prefixes in Table 6.1 are used only for naming binary nonmetal-nonmetal compounds, acid salts, and hydrates. 

In naming hydrates, we have to indicate the number of H2O molecules by using Greek prefixes and add hydrate as a suffix. 

In the formula for a hydrate, the number of water molecules associated with each formula unit of the compound is written following a dot for example, Na2CO3T0H2O. This compound is called sodium carbonate decahydrate. In the word decahydrate, the prefix deca- means ten and the root word hydrate refers to water. Decahydrate means that ten molecules of water are associated with one formula unit of compound. The mass of water associated with a formula unit must be included in molar mass calculations. Hydrates are found with a variety of numbers of water molecules. Table 11-1 lists some common hydrates. 

The name of a hydrate consists of the compound name followed by the word hydrate with a prefix indicating the number of water molecules associated with one mole of compound. 

Propanol and 2-propanol are commonly referred to as n-propyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol, respectively. The systematic names of alcohols are obtained by replacing the -ane ending of the corresponding alkane with -anol and using a numeric prefix, when necessary, to identify the carbon atom to which the —OH group is attached. Isopropyl alcohol is made from propylene by means of an interesting hydration reaction that is catalyzed by sulfuric acid. The first step is addition of H to the double bond. 

The prefix ortho- signifies the acid with the maximum hydration possible, as H3PO4 (as opposed to HPOj), HjIOa (as opposed to HIO4, etc.], . -nH.O... 

In inorganic chemistry, the prefix ortho designates the most highly hydrated acid, or its salt, to contrast with the met a, or less hydrated acid or salt. For example, H3P04is orthophosphoric acid and HP03is metaphosphoric acid. These are considered in alphabetizing. 

To write the formula for a hydrate, write the formula for the compound and then place a dot followed by the number of water molecules per formula unit of compormd. The dot in the formula represents a ratio of compound formula emits to water molecules. For example, CaS04 2H2O is the formula for a hydrate of calcium sulfate that contains two molecules of water for each formula unit of calciiun sulfate. This hydrate is used to make portland cement and plaster of paris. To name hydrates, follow the regular name for the compound with the word hydrate, to which a prefix has been added to indicate the number of water molecules present. Use Table 5.5 to find the correct prefix to use. The name of the compound with the formula CaS04 2H2O is calcium sulfate dihydrate. 

Hydrates are ionic compounds bonded to water molecules. They are named by following the name of the compound with a prefix attached to the word hydrate to indicate how many water molecules are bound. 

Propane will be part of this compound s name because the longest continuous chain has three carbons. Two methyl branches are present, both on the second carbon. To indicate the presence of more than one branch of the same kind, use the same Greek prefixes presented in Chapter 5 for naming hydrates and molecules. The prefix to use when two of anything are present is di-. Thus, the name of this compound is 2,2-dimethyl-propane. Note that the positions where the methyl groups are attached to the parent chain are written, separated by a comma. 

Hydrates are ionic compounds that contain a definite number of water molecules associated with the formula unit of one compound, as in FeCl3-6 H20. When water evaporates from a solution of copper(II) sulfate, beautiful blue crystals remain behind that have the formula CuS04-5 H20. Five molecules of water are associated with one formula unit of copper(II) sulfate, and they are separated from the formula of CuS04, with a dot ( ). This hydrate is named copper(ll) sulfate pentahy-drate. Numerical prefixes are used to indicate the number of water molecules in one formula unit. Three other hydrates are listed and named as follows ... 

I Numerical Prefixes for Hydrates and Binary Covalent Compounas... 

Chemical formulas describe the simplest atom ratio (empirical formula), actual atom number (molecular formula), and atom arrangement (structural formula) of one unit of a compound. An ionic compound is named with cation first and anion second. For metals that can form more than one ion, the charge is shown with a Roman numeral. Oxoanions have suffixes, and sometimes prefixes, attached to the element root name to indicate the number of oxygen atoms. Names of hydrates give the number of associated water molecules with a numerical prefix. Acid names are based on anion names. Covalent compounds have the first word of the name for the element that is leftmost or lower down in the periodic table, and prefixes show the number of each atom. The molecular (or formula) mass of a compound is the sum of the atomic masses in the formula. Molecules are depicted by various types of formulas and models. 

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