Precipitator types

Type of precipitator Type of dust Gas volume, cu ft/ min Average gas veloc- ity, ft/sec Collecting electrode area, sq ft Over-all collection efficiency, % Average particle migration velocity, ft/sec... 

Chemical treatment programs based on the direct addition of chemicals to FW or BW in order to prevent subsequent deposition, corrosion, or other problems from occurring. With precipitating types of internal treatments, the boiler waterside space is employed as a reaction vessel and, where a particular boiler design is unsuitable, inadvertent problems of fouling may occur. 

Table 5.16 The major types of coprecipitation and their relation to the precipitate type ... 

Type of coprecipitation Mode of contamination Precipitate type most affected... 

Oligomers with a degree of polymerization up to 10-15 are soluble, whereas higher oligomers are insoluble. Thus, by adjusting an appropriate degree of polymerization, a precipitation type polymerization can be achieved. 

Wet removal processes are further controlled by precipitation types and rates. Dry deposition processes on surfaces are affected by atmospheric transport rates that mix fresh pollutant into the surface boundary layers and by the physical properties of particles. For the Eastern U.S., the approximate annual deposition rates of sulfate can be compared as follows (Table III), considering that deposition flux is the product of a concentration and a velocity of deposition (Vd) (20) ... 

However, if contaminating antibodies do interfere with specificity, affinity absorption of the antiserum is usually performed. Batch-absorbed antisera almost always contain residual levels of contaminating antibodies (mostly of the non-precipitating type) and will cause nonspecific staining of tissue if used at excessively high concentration (8). 

The distribution of collocated differences for the daily and weekly measurements were used to detect outliers. The distributions for the three precipitation types at each site were symmetrical with long tails. In this study, the tails were truncated at 3a from the mean for each observable, and pairs of samples with the extreme (i.e. minimum and maximum) differences were rejected from parametric statistical analyses according to the following criteria ... 

A multiple regression analysis was also performed to determine the effect of precipitation depth and precipitation type (snow vs. rain) on the N03- concentration. Cloud temperature was used as a measure of precipitation type and was calculated as described in the next section. Although N03- concentrations were found to be inversely correlated with precipitation volume, there was no significant correlation between N03- concentrations and temperature. Therefore, at this location, the lower water content of snow events... 

Surfaces 2. Precipitant type 2. Ligands, inhibitors, effectors... 

For mineralization, the normal, metastable state is adjusted by nucleation, measured by the seed and solubility tests. The seed test measures amount of solid apatite required to precipitate Ca2+ and HP042- ion concentrations exceeding their solubility product. The solubility test measures the minimal concentrations of Ca2+ and HP042- necessary to induce precipitation. Type I collagen fibers nucleate bone formation as the concentrations of Ca2+... 

Fig. 3.66. A typical clarifier — precipitator type. 1 — indicator, 2 — sampler, 3 — automated sludge discharge, 4 — sludge tank, 5 — overflow, 6 — discharge valve, 7 — flocculation area, 8 — rectifying partitions, 9 — pressure water for bearing lubrication, 10 — sludge thickener, 11 — flake cloud, 12 — inlet openings, 13 — discharge of clean water, 14 — circumferential trough, 15 — water level, 16 — supply of raw water,...

Hint. Use Equation 12.44 and try to fit other types of polymerizations into the general polymerization rate formula. How about suspension polymerization How about precipitation-type polymerization How about Ziegler-Natta polymerizations How about controlled radical polymerizations (CRPs) ... 

Experiments were performed to determine the optimum pH for the extraction of proteins from the industrially defatted canola meal (Federated Co-op Ltd., Saskatoon, SK) and sunflower meal (Cargill Inc., West Fargo, ND), and the minimum solubility pH (isoelectric pH) for precipitation. Details of the experimental methods can be found in (7) and (13) respectively. The extracted protein solutions were then used to recover proteins by precipitation. Four different types of precipitants aqueous HCl, HMP, CMC, and ammonium sulphate, were used for studies on the yields of canola protein. Further studies on isoelectric precipitation (using aqueous HCl as a precipitant) were carried out in three types of precipitators (Batch, MSMPR, and tubular) to study kinetic parameters and effects of precipitator type and operating conditions on PSD. The first two types of precipitators were used for canola protein and all three types were used for sunflower protein. Details of these experimental setups can be found in (7) for canola protein and (13,11) for sunflower protein. 

Precipitation types, quantities, duration, frequency, and recurrence interval... 

Type of Precipitator Type of Dust Gas Volume (fi/min) Average Gas Velocity (ft/s) Collecting Electrode Areafft ) Overall Collection Efficiency (%) Average Particle Migration Velocity (ft/s)... 

Bem] Field ion microscopy and atom probe tomography Precipitate type and habit plane... 

J. Warburton, The Chemistry of Precipitation in Relation to Precipitation Type 15th International Colloquium, UNESCO, Paris, 1982, pub. in Science of the Total Environment, 23, 1982. 

For a binary system, D j is the binary mutual diffusion coefficient Dp. The FRRPP process, however, is essentially a ternary system of the polymer/monomer/ precipitant type (such as polystyrene/styrene/water or poly(methacrylic acid)/ methacrylic acid/water). Let us designate the polymer (poly(methacrylic acid) or polystyrene) as component 1 precipitant (such as water or ether) as component 2 and the monomer (methacrylic acid or polystyrene) as component 3. Therefore, for the FRRPP process, we have four mutual diffusivities in the mixture Dn is approximated as the mutual diffiisivity of the polymer and precipitant D22 is approximated as the mutual diffiisivity of the monomer and the precipitant D 2 is the mutual dif-fusivity for the mass transfer of the polymer due to composition gradient of the monomer and D21 is the mutual diffiisivity for the mass transfer of the monomer... 

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