Power requirements for pumping

Appendix Rules of ihumb for every day use 12/323 Power requirements for pumps 12/323 Power requirements for lifts 12/323 Power requirements for fans 12/323... 

The power required for pumping will be given by the product of the volumetric flowrate and the pressure difference between the pump outlet and the discharge end of the pipeline. Taking note of the fluctuating nature of the flow, it is necessary to consider the energy transferred to the fluid over a small time interval and to integrate over the cycle to obtain the mean value of the power. 

The power required for pumping an incompressible fluid is given by ... 

Operating costs for injection wells are significantly lower when compared to capital costs. They include labour for operation and maintenance, chemicals for pretreatment, and power for pump operation (Mickley 2006). During operation of the well, the power required for pumping is the most significant cost (Mickley 2006). 

Along with electronic transport improvements must come attention to substrate transport in such porous structures. As discussed above, introduction of gas-phase diffusion or liquid-phase convection of reactants is a feasible approach to enabling high-current-density operation in electrodes of thicknesses exceeding 100 jxm. Such a solution is application specific, in the sense that neither gas-phase reactants nor convection can be introduced in a subclass of applications, such as devices implanted in human, animal, or plant tissue. In the context of physiologically implanted devices, the choice becomes either milliwatt to watt scale devices implanted in a blood vessel, where velocities of up to 10 cm/s can be present, or microwatt-scale devices implanted in tissue. Ex vivo applications are more flexible, partially because gas-phase oxygen from ambient air will almost always be utilized on the cathode side, but also because pumps can be used to provide convective flow of any substrate. However, power requirements for pump operation must be minimized to prevent substantial lowering of net power output. 

The total power requirements for pumping are calculated by adding the hydraulic and the viscous power requirements. The former can be estimated from the MEB equation written for the work input, — W. We note that p — p2 and that Ef includes not only the friction losses on the discharge section but also the inlet section. The former was, as stated earlier, estimated to be 329.0 J kg , while the latter was estimated to be... 

The power required for pumping is relatively small as compared to the proposed helium plant, and aside from the unusual importance of adequate and reliable standby power, capable of being brought into service in fractional minutes, no new problems are involved. 

As mentioned during the discussion of the synthesis steps, process simulators are very use fill. They are used to calculate heats of reaction, heat added to or removed from a stream power requirements for pumps and compressors, performance of a flash separator at variou temperatures and pressures, and bubble- and dew-point temperatures associated with distillates and bottoms products, among many other quantities. 

Viscosity. Low power requirements for pumping, high heat-transfer rates, high rates of extraction, and general ease of handling are corollaries of low viscosity, and hence this is a desirable property of solvents in extraction processes. 

It is common that pumps and compressors are used in the process industry to transport process liquid and gas streams. The power requirement for pumping liquid can be estimated via... 

By using a carbide fuel element, the fuel rating can be increased to 1750 kW/kg of fissile fuel because of the increased conductivity of the carbides over oxides. In this case, the gas pressure must be increased to 2000 psia in the core in order to remove the heat without penalizing the power requirements for pumping. For these reactor conditions, the power density is 600 kW/liter, the overall conversion ratio is 1.65, and the doubling time is 5 years. 

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