Velocity below

Correlations can be extended to evaporators at lower velocities by assuming that E dechnes with (velocit) " between 60 percent and 10 percent of the maximi im velocity. At velocities below 10 percent of the maximum velocity, E can be assumed to change directly with velocity. 

Radial velocity below feedwell <90% of downward velocity. 

Deflagration to Detonation Transition A reaction front that starts out with velocities below the speed of sound and subsequently accelerates to velocities higher than the speed of sound in the unreacted material is said to have undergone a Deflagration to Detonation Transition. The possibility of transition is enhanced by confinement/turbulence generators in the path of the reaction front. 

For saturated steam keep control valve outlet velocity below 0.25 mach. 

Keep valve inlet velocity below 300ft/sec for 2" and smaller, and 200ft/ sec for larger sizes. 

Sulphuric Carbon steel Not for below 70% concentration ambient temperatures only flow velocities below 0.6 to 1.2 m/s... 

For velocities below 15 feet per second, check valves and foot valves will in the chans. 

Velocity considerations are important in rotating or reciprocating machinery systems, because, if the compressible fluid velocity exceeds the speed of sound in the fluid, shock waves can be set up and the results of such conditions are much different than the velocities below... 

Steam release velocities Older or simpler boiler designs with steam release velocities below 3 ft/s (0.9 m/s) may rely solely on the natural separation of steam from water by gravity. Many modem boilers with higher generation rates may be designed for steam release velocities of double this value and consequently require complex separation devices if steam quality is to be maintained. 

The reduction in reaction rate due to surface diffusion has been shown to occur at gas velocities below 1.5m/min [26], However, most production plants operate at higher gas velocities and diffusion from the surface does not normally limit the reaction rate. 

A general conclusion that can be drawn from Figure 3.6 is that sampling rates of compounds with log values between 6 and 7 are in the range 2 to 12 L d at flow velocities below 10 cm s, with a geometric mean of 4.2 L d These data underscore the importance of using PRCs for a site- and SPMD-speciflc assessment of the effects of exposure conditions. 

There is a widespread opinion that stopping of projectiles at velocities below the Bohr velocity is essentially quantal. The claim appears plausible for insulators to the extent that electron promotion may be an essential sink of energy. 

Fluidized bed behaviour is affected not only by gas velocity but also by particle size and density. Based upon observations of fluidized bed behaviour in air at ambient conditions and at velocities below... 

As in the case of fluidization, there is a gas velocity below which spouting does not occur. The earliest and best known relationship to predict the minimum spouting velocity u s is that due to Mathur and Gishler (1955)... 

The results in Figs. 3 and 4 shows that upon decreasing thd flow velocity below its optimum value, vc, the plate height increases n )derately at first. In difficult cases it it thus possible to achieve high olumn efficiencies with a given chromatographic system even if the upi>er pressure limit of the instrument is not sufficient to operate the column at its maximum efficiency. The price to pay for the high efficiency is ah increase in analysis time. 

Explosives possessing velocities below ca 1000 m/sec are known as deflagrating explosives (See Vol 3, p D38-R), also known as burning or progressive explosives. To this class belongs BkPdr (See Vol 2, p B165-R), Nitrocelluloses (See Cellulose Nitrates in Vol 2, pClOO-L), smokeless propellants and... 

A steady high-order velocity of detonation reaches its lowest value at critical diam and is known as critical detonation velocity. Below the critical diam value of charge there is either failure or so-called "low-regime of detonation which usually does not proceed at steady state... 

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