Powder Salmonella

Ecoflex (powder) was tested for its mutagenic potential on the basis of its ability to induce point mutations in several bacterial strains Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coll) in a reverse mutation assay (Ames test), according to OECD guideline 471. Results revealed that the polyester is not mutagenic to bacteria. 

J. Wan, K. King, H. Craven, C. Mcauley, S.E. Tan and M.J. Coventry, Probelia PCR system for rapid detection of Salmonella in milk powder and ricotta cheese, Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 30 (2000) 267-271. 

The final quality of chilli spice powder is assessed by a number of different parameters. Colour and pungency levels are the most obvious parameters assessed, but sweetness and flavour of non-pungent paprika powders are also important. In addition, the spice trade may specify limits of impurity, levels of microbial counts of, for example, fungi, yeasts, Salmonella and coli forms, particle size and moisture content, among others. The main desired characters are colour, pungency and less extraneous contamination in relation to their biochemistry, assessment and desired levels. Table 14.5... 

All of 16 different formulations of rattlesnake powder capsules, obtained in six different cities in Mexico, were significantly contaminated with Gram-negative coliform bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter cloacae. Salmonella arizona, and Salmonella of groups B, E4, and G 81% of the capsules were contaminated with Salmonella species, the most frequent being S. arizona (37). Contamination was probably derived from both the flesh of the snake and fecal contamination during domestic preparation of the powder to produce the capsules. 

LiCari, J.J. and Potter, N.N. Salmonella survival during spray drying and subsequent handling of skimmilk powder. 11. Effects of drying conditions, /. Dairy Scl, 53, 871, 1970. 

P. in t Veld, LA. Hoekstra, S.H. Heisterkamp, N.G.W.M. van Strijp-Lockefeer, M.E. de Winter, J. Hobers, A.H. Havelaar, S.H.W. Notermans, E.A. Maier and B. Griepink, The certification of the number fraction of negative capsules and number of colony forming particles of Salmonella thyphimurium from artificially contaminated milk powder CRM 507. Report EUR 15062 EN, CEC Luxembourg (1994). 

Number fraction of negative capsules and number of colony forming particles of Salmonella typhimurium in artificially contaminated milk powder... 

Transmission of Salmonellosis occurs in the majority of cases by contaminated food. The most common sources are poultry, eggs, fruits, vegetables, dairy products and shellfish. Peanut butter has been also implicated in an outbreak of salmonellosis in the USA and powdered infant formula in two outbreaks with Salmonella enteric in infants in France. 

National authorities may require that pancreas powder comply with a limit for total viable count of 104 microorganisms per gram, determined by plate count. National authorities may require that pancreas powder comply with the tests for Escherichia coli and Salmonella. 

Jung, Y.S. and Bauchat, L.R. 1999. Survival of multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium DT104 in egg powders as affected by water activity and temperature. International Journal of Food Microbiology A9 1-8. 

The berries are used to treat urinary tract infections. The berries or needles are used for upper respiratory infections. Salmonella, E. coli, Shigella. The heartwood, roots, bark, berries, or needles are used for skin infections and infectious dysentery. Essential oil is used for airborne and upper infections. May be used in food, as tea, wash, tincture, whole, powdered, steam. 

Salmonella belongs to the family of the Enterobac-teriaceae. Over 2,000 species are known. Salmonellae are differentiated by means of biochemical reactions and by serotyping. Salmonellae are pathogenic bacteria causing food poisoning. The bacterium is present in many free-living and domesticated animals. Pharmaceutical raw materials that have been contaminated include carmine, pancreatic powder and thyroid powder. 

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