Potassium hydroxide hypobromite

Methylsuccinic acid has been prepared by the pyrolysis of tartaric acid from 1,2-dibromopropane or allyl halides by the action of potassium cyanide followed by hydrolysis by reduction of itaconic, citraconic, and mesaconic acids by hydrolysis of ketovalerolactonecarboxylic acid by decarboxylation of 1,1,2-propane tricarboxylic acid by oxidation of /3-methylcyclo-hexanone by fusion of gamboge with alkali by hydrog. nation and condensation of sodium lactate over nickel oxide from acetoacetic ester by successive alkylation with a methyl halide and a monohaloacetic ester by hydrolysis of oi-methyl-o -oxalosuccinic ester or a-methyl-a -acetosuccinic ester by action of hot, concentrated potassium hydroxide upon methyl-succinaldehyde dioxime from the ammonium salt of a-methyl-butyric acid by oxidation with. hydrogen peroxide from /9-methyllevulinic acid by oxidation with dilute nitric acid or hypobromite from /J-methyladipic acid and from the decomposition products of glyceric acid and pyruvic acid. The method described above is a modification of that of Higginbotham and Lapworth. ... 

Initial halogenation of the oxime can use chlorine, hypobromite, bromine, or A-bromoacetamide. " Oxidation of the a-halonitrosoalkane can be achieved with nitric acid, nitric acid-hydrogen peroxide, " atmospheric oxygen, ozone, or a peroxyacid. Reduction of thea-halonitroalkaneis achieved with sodium borohydride or by catalytic hydrogenation, although potassium hydroxide in ethanol has been used for the conversion. 

Cognate preparation. 3-Aminopyridine. Prepare a cold sodium hypobromite solution from 32 g (10 ml, 0.2 mol) of bromine and 25 g (0.62 mol) of sodium hydroxide in 250 ml of water. Add in one portion 20 g (0.163 mol) of finely powdered nicotinamide (Expt 6.169) and stir vigorously for 15 minutes. Warm the solution in a water bath at 75 °C for 45 minutes. Isolate the crude product by continuous ether extraction (Section 2.22) of the cooled reaction mixture after saturation with sodium chloride. Dry the extract over potassium hydroxide pellets and remove the ether. Crystallise the dark residue from a 4 1 mixture of benzene-light petroleum (b.p. 60-80 °C) with the aid of decolourising charcoal. The yield of almost colourless product, m.p. 63 °C, is 9.3 g (61%). 

If the oxidation is carried out with a hypochlorite or hypobromite, chlorine or bromine water is added to a cold solution of the chromic salt, which has previously been rendered alkaline with sodium or potassium hydroxide, and the mixture is then boiled. 

The classical and most standard reaction conditions of the Hofmann rearrangement use sodium or potassium hypobromite (or bromine with sodium or potassium hydroxide) under aqueous conditions. 

Marquillas Olondriz et al. (8) described a synthetic route consisting of oxidation of 3-acetyl-6,8-difluoro-l-methyl-7-(4-ethoxycarbonyl-3-methyl-l-piperazinyl)-4-oxo-l,4-dihydroquinoline to yield the 3-carboxylic analog, followed by deprotection of the piperazinyl amino group by aqueous alkaline hydrolysis. The oxidation may be carried out with sodium hypochlorite or sodium hypobromite. Sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide may be used for the alkaline hydrolysis. The reaction yield was 72 %. The results of the elemental analysis were ... 

Hypobromous Acid—HBrO—97—is obtained, in aqueous solution, by the action of Br upon mercuric oxid, silver oxid, or silver nitrate. When Br is added to concentrated solution of potassium hydroxid no hypobromite is formed, but a mixture of bromate and bromid, having no decolorizing action. With sodium hy-... 

Several new methods for the preparation of 1-haloalkynes have been described. High yields of bromo compounds, e.g. 28, are obtained by treatment of alkynes with triphenylphosphine/carbon tetrabromide, or with a concentrated aqueous solution of potassium hypobromite and potassium hydroxide (equation 1). 1-Iodoalkynes are produced from terminal alkynes and bis(pyridine)iodine(I) tetrafluoroborate in methanol in the presence of sodium methoxide (equation 2) or from alkynes with a mixture of iodine, potassium carbonate, copper(I) iodide and tetrabutylammonium chloride under phase-transfer catalysis. Lithium acetylides 29 (R = Ph, t-Bu, HOCH2 etc.) react with zinc iodide and bis(trimethylsilyl) peroxide to yield 1-iodoalkynes. The method has been... 

For this purpose sodium hypochlorite solution was prepared by 20-fold dilution of a commercial sample containing 14% w/w available chlorine potassium hypobromite was obtained by dissolving 1.6 g of potassium hydroxide and 0.8 ml of bromine in 1 litre of distilled water. 

Hypobromous acid is an unstable intermediate which presents a strong oxidizing and bleaching agent. Enrichment is only possible up to max. 6% in aqueous solution. Salts of hypobromous acid (hypobromites), e.g. NaOBr (CAS-no. 13824-96-9), KOBr (CAS-no. 13824-97-0), are obtained by introducing bromine into sodium or potassium hydroxide. 

Reagent Freshly prepared alkaline hypobromite solution (8 ml bromine water plus 2 ml 5 iV sodium or potassium hydroxide, plus 2 g potassium bromide)... 

Brom-jod, n. iodine bromide, -kalium, n. potassium bromide, -kalzium, n., kalk, tn. calcium bromide, -kampher, tn. bromo-camphor, Pharm.) monobromated camphor, -kohlenstoff, tn. carbon (tetra)bromide. -korper, tn. Colloids) "bromide body (bromide ion), -kupfer, n. copper bromide, lauge, /. bromine lye (solution of sodium hypobromite and bromide made by passing bromine into sodium hydroxide solution), -lithium, n. lithium bromide. -Idsung, /. bro-nune solution, -magnesium, n. magnesium bromide. -metall, n. metallic bromide. 

Potassium hypobromite, KOBr.—The hypobromite can be prepared from the hydroxide or carbonate by the action of bromine, or from the bromide by electrolysis, by methods analogous to those described for sodium hypobromite. 

A solution of sodium hypobromite was prepared from 36 grams (0.9 mole) of sodium hydroxide and 24 grams (0.15 mole) of bromine in 3,000 milliliters of water and cooled to 0°. To this cooled solution was then added 24 grams (0.15 mole) of aZp/ a-allyl-aZp/la-phenylacetamide and stirred for three hours. The reaction mixture was then allowed to warm to room temperature after which it was heated at 70°C. for one hour. After cooling, the reaction mixture was extracted with ether and the ether extracts dried over anhydrous potassium carbonate and filtered. The solvent was removed under vacuum and the residual oil distilled to yield the desired allylbenzylamine boiling at 62°C. at 1 millimeter, nD25=1.5294. 

Write the chemical formulas for the following compounds (a) aluminum hydroxide, (b) potassium sul te, (c) copper(l) oxide, (d) zinc nitrate, (e) mercury(II) bromide, (f) iron(lll) carbonate, (g) sodium hypobromite. 

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