Potassium hexanoate

Additional support for a discrete binding site is derived from the observation that potassium iodide depresses the rate of appearance of phenol from p-nitrophenyl hexanoate in the presence of 16. In contrast, potassium iodide modestly accelerates the reaction of 17 with p-nitrophenyl hexanoate, in... 

Ethyl 2-bromohexanoate Hexanoic acid, 2-bromo-, ethyl ester. ( )- (10) (63927-44-6) Potassium fluoride (8,9) (7789-23-3)... 

Hexanoic acid. Into a 2-litre three-necked flask, fitted with a separatory funnel, a mechanical stirrer and a reflux condenser, place a hot solution of 200 g of potassium hydroxide in 200 ml of water. Stir the solution and add slowly 200 g (0.925 mol) of diethyl butylmalonate. A vigorous reaction occurs and the solution refluxes. When all the ester has been added, boil the solution gently for 2-3 hours, i.e. until hydrolysis is complete a test portion should dissolve completely in water. Dilute with 200 ml of water and distil off 200 ml of liquid in order to ensure the complete removal of the alcohol formed in the hydrolysis (2). To the cold residue in the flask add a cold solution of 320 g (174 ml) of concentrated sulphuric acid in 450 ml of water add the acid slowly with stirring in order to prevent excessive foaming. The solution becomes hot. Reflux the mixture for 3-4 hours and allow to cool. Separate the upper layer of the organic acid and extract the aqueous portion with four 150 ml portions of ether (3). Combine the acid layer with the ether extracts, wash it with 25 ml of water and dry with anhydrous sodium sulphate. Distil off the ether (rotary evaporator), transfer the residue to a flask fitted with a short fractionating column (the latter should be well lagged and, preferably, electrically heated) and distil the product from an air bath. Collect the hexanoic acid at 200-206 °C. The yield is 80 g (75%). Record the i.r. spectrum and compare it with that shown in Fig. 3.31. 

Oxidation of 1-hexanol with chromic acid (sodium or potassium dichromate in aqueous sulfuric acid) yields hexanoic acid. Use of PDC or PCC in dichloromethane is not acceptable because those reagents yield aldehydes on reaction with primary alcohols. 

The full impact of Pd-catalysed deprotection of ally esters was first appreciated by Jeffrey and McCombie149 who showed that an allyl ester could be deprotected to the potassium salt of the corresponding carboxylic acid under Pd catalysis — a transformation that is particularly valuable for acid-sensitive substrates.130 In the example shown in [Scheme 6.57], the displacement of the exchange equilibrium over to the desired product was assured by employing the sodium salt of 2-ethyI-hexanoate. which is soluble in most common solvents except hydrocarbons.151... 

However, ethyl (/ )-2-fluorohexanoate (bp 75 78 C/20Torr) is obtained from ethyl (5 )-2-(mesyloxy)hexanoate in 68 % yield and 91 % enantiomeric excess with potassium fluoride in acetamide in the presence of catalytic amounts of tetrabutylammonium fluoride at 125 C. ... 

It has been suggested that the addition of potassium bitartrate/tartaric acid to wines could induce a competition of these compounds for the free water involved in solvation enhancing ethanol aggregation. Although Escalona et al. (2001) did not find any effect of the addition of these compounds to model wine systems flavoured with ethyl hexanoate, they found a decrease in the activity coefficient of octanal. They explained this by the possible reactivity of the carbonyl group of the aldehyde with hydroxyl radicals. 

Treatment of a mixture of methyl 3-anilinopyrazine-2-carboxylate (3) and ethyl hexanoate or 5-methylhex-4-enoate with potassium /m-butoxide results in amidation with subsequent Dieck-mann type cyclization to give 7-alkyl-8-hydroxy-5-phenylpyrido[2,3-A]pyrazin-6(5//)-ones 4.57,58... 

EINECS 221-625-7 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, potassium salt Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, potassium salt Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate. 

Phenylpropyl) tetrahydrofuran Phenyl salicylate a-Pinene p-Pinene Piperidine Pi peri ne d-Piperitone Piperonyl acetate Piperonyl isobutyrate Potassium acetate Propenylguaethol Propionaldehyde Propyl acetate Propyl alcohol p-Propyl anisole Propyl benzoate Propyl butyrate Propyl cinnamate Propyl disulfide Propyl formate Propyl 2-furanacrylate Propyl heptanoate Propyl hexanoate 3-Propylidenephthalide Propyl isobutyrate... 

The resulting 6-(methylthio)hexanoic acid is easily separable by aqueous extraction or by filtration through silica gel and can be reoxidized to 1873 with sodium metaperiodate in 97% yield. Low temperature (—60 °C) NMR spectrometry has been used to examine the intermediates of this Swem process. The results indicate that any residual unoxidized alcohol is generated during Pummerer elimination of the alkoxysulfonium intermediate and can be minimized by prolonged exposure to triethylamine at —40 °C. Reaction of the potassium salt of 1873 with cross-linked chloromethyl polystyrene affords a polymer-bound reagent that quantitatively oxidizes bomeol to camphor when used in two-fold excess [1394]. 

There are other amine surrogates that can be used to prepare amino acids by reaction with halides or other electrophilic species. Most are rather specific, but one shows some generality. Effenberger showed that reaction of methyl 5-bromohexan-oate 1.19) with potassium isocyanate gave 1.81. In this case, the isocyanate is the amine surrogate, and hydrolysis with concentrated HCl at 100°C gave 6-amino-hexanoic acid, 1.82, as its HCl salt. 4-Aminobutanoic acid, 3-aminopropanoic acid and 5-aminopentanoic acid were prepared in an identical manner.47... 

Liu, Z., Liu, L., Li, H., Dong, Q., Yao, S., Kidd, A.B., et al., 2012. Green polymer solar cell based on water-soluble poly[3-(potassium-6-hexanoate) thiophene-2,5-diyl] and aqueous-dispersible noncovalent functionalized graphene sheets. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 97, 28-33. 

At equal chain length, the critical micelle concentrations of perfluorinated surfactants are lower than those of their hydrocarbon analogs [1,75,142,161]. Potassium perfluorooctanoate has a 13-fold lower cmc than potassium octanoate. The difference between cmc values decreases with decreasing chain length and is only threefold for the, albeit poorly documented, hexanoates. 

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