Potassium carbonate solutions viscosity

Figure 5-12. Viscosity of potassium carbonate solutions. (Allied Chemical Corporation, 1961)...

Polycondensation reactions of 2 with diphenols were carried out in DMAc at 160°C using an excess of potassium carbonate to yield viscous solutions ofthe desired poly(aryl ether ketone)s. Judging by the viscosity increase, the polymerization reaction was near completion after only about 8h at 160°C. Aqueous... 

In general, ferrous alloys are difficult to dissolve with acids so that a fusion, for example with sodium/potassium carbonate, is recommended. The resulting high salt concentration can produce difficulties (viscosity, nebuliser/ burner system), as is discussed in Chapter 3. Once sample solutions are available, there is no difference in analysis from the methods for iron and steel. 

So, the pol5mier is produced, the reduced viscosity of 0.5% solution of which in sulfuric acid is 1.0 deciliter/gram, after the interaction of 4,4 -difluorobenzophenone and hydroquinone at 290 °C in the presence of potassium carbonate during 1 hour. Almost the same results are obtained... 

Other physical phenomena that may be associated, at least partially, with complex formation are the effect of a salt on the viscosity of aqueous solutions of a sugar and the effect of carbohydrates on the electrical conductivity of aqueous solutions of electrolytes. Measurements have been made of the increase in viscosity of aqueous sucrose solutions caused by the presence of potassium acetate, potassium chloride, potassium oxalate, and the potassium and calcium salt of 5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid.81 Potassium acetate has a greater effect than potassium chloride, and calcium ion is more effective than potassium ion. Conductivities of 0.01-0.05 N aqueous solutions of potassium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, and calcium sulfate, in both the presence and absence of sucrose, have been determined by Selix.88 At a sucrose concentration of 15° Brix (15.9 g. of sucrose/100 ml. of solution), an increase of 1° Brix in sucrose causes a 4% decrease in conductivity. Landt and Bodea88 studied dilute aqueous solutions of potassium chloride, sodium chloride, barium chloride, and tetra-... 

Procedure Determine the absorbance of each solution with a suitable spectrophotometer and in 1-cm cells at the maximum at about 375 nm, using sodium carbonate TS as the blank. The absorbance of the Sample Preparation is equal to or greater than that of the Standard Preparation. Viscosity Prepare two identical solutions, each containing 1% of sample and 1% of potassium chloride in water, and stir for 2 h. Determine the viscosity (Vj) of one solution at 23.9° as directed in the Procedure under Viscosity of Cellulose Gum, Appendix IIB, using a No. 3 spindle rotating at 60 rpm (Brookfield, or equivalent). The viscosity thus determined is not less than 600 cp. Determine the viscosity (V2) of the other solution in the same manner, but maintain the temperature at 65.6°. The ratio of the viscosities, V1/V2, is between 1.02 and 1.45. 

The effect of added electrolytes (sodium and potassium halides of progressively increasing molecular volume) in the concentration range 0.125—3 M on the viscosity behaviour of an aqueous sucrose solution (292 mM) between 25 and 40 °C has been investigated. Conductance data on the interaction of the sodium salts of several low-carbon aliphatic acids with sucrose in water and in formamide solutions have been reported and interpreted in terms of the effects that hydrocarbon chains have on hydrogen bonding in saturated solutions of sucrose. Conductance data have also been reported for the interaction of sucrose with symmetrical tetra-alkylammonium halides in formamide and in water in the temperature range 25—70°C. 

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