Portuguese population

Pena, A., Seifrtova, M., Lino, C., Silveira, I. Solich, P. (2006) Estimation of ochratoxin A in Portuguese population new data on the occurrence in human urine by high perfomnance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Food Chem. Toxicol. 44, 1449-1454. Peraica, M., Domijan, A.M., Matasin, M., Lucic, A., Radio, B., Delas, F., Horvat, M., Bosanac, I., Balija, M. Grgicevic, D. (2001) Variations of ochratoxin A concentration in the blood of healthy populations in some Croatian cities. Arch. Toxicol. 75, 410-414. 

Alves IL, Altland K, Almeida MR, et al. Screening and biochemical characterization of transthyretin variants in the Portuguese population. Hum Mutat 1997 9(3) 226-233. Sousa A, Andersson R, Drugge U, et al. Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy in Sweden geographical distribution, age of onset, and prevalence. Hum Hered 1993 43(5) 288-294. 

IODINE - The iodine intake of the Portuguese population, as evaluated by its urinary excretion, appears to be barely sufficient in most regions. Even in the city of Lisbon the median of the urinary excretion was 71 )tg I/g creat. for children and 46 /tg I/g creat. for adults. In region A there was a negative correlation between urinary iodine and prevalence of endemic goiter in schoolchildren. 

The mutant T allele, which results in decreased PGP levels, is relatively rare in populations with African ancestry, but exists at higher frequencies in Caucasian, Chinese, Filipino, Portuguese and Saudi populations. The TT genotype was not detected in the 206 Ghanaians studied, but accounted for 1, 4, and 6% of individuals in the African American, Kenyan and Sudanese populations, respectively [61]. From the previous functional studies this data implies that populations of African ancestry will have higher PGP protein levels and drug efflux. 

The system of cotton cultivation in Mozambique was a draconian model of this policy. The Portuguese made great efforts to concentrate the population con-centragaoes) so that officials or concessionaires could enforce cotton cultivation and delivery. In one variant, plots were marked off by surveyors, and every family was assigned a plot. The scheme was enforced by a system in which personalized passes indicated whether their bearers had acquitted their cotton quotas for the year those found in default could be arrested, beaten, or sent off as draft labor to the dreaded sisal plantations. For an exceptionally detailed and comprehensive account, see Allen Isaacman, Cotton Is the Mother of Poverty Peasants, Work, and Rural Struggle in Colonial Mozambique, 1938-1961 (Portsmouth, N.H. Heinemann, 1996). 

Ivermectin, a neurotoxic compound in animals with low P-gp expressions, has been safely used in Africa for the prevention and treatment of river blindness. The lack of neurotoxicity in African might be due to the high P-gp expression in African population (Ameyaw et al., 2001). Gene analysis showed a high frequency of the C allele in the African group than British Caucasian, Portuguese, southwest Asian, Chinese, Filipino, and Saudi populations, which implies overexpression of P-gp in African population. 

Garcia-Leston, J., J. Roma-Torres, M. Vilares, R. Pinto, M. Cunha, J. Prista, J.P. Teix-eria, O. Mayan, E. Pasaro, J. Mendez, and B. Laffon. 2011. Biomonitoring of a population of Portuguese workers exposed to lead. Mutat. Res. 721(l) 81-88. 

Albano, H., Henriques, I., Correia, A., Hogg, T., Teixeira, P. (2008). Characterization of microbial population of Alheira (a traditional Portuguese fermented sausage) by PCR-DGGE and traditional cultural microbiological methods. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 105(6), 2187-2194. 

Table 8.3 Intra-varietal genetic variability (CVg) of the yield expressed by the coefficient of genotypic variation evaluated in experimental populations of clones for 42 Portuguese grapevine varieties...

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