Porcine brain capillary endothelial cells

Figure 17.5 Schematic describing the isolation of porcine brain capillary endothelial cells.

Franke et al. (1999) have described an in vitro model for screening of drug entry into the brain using primary cultures of porcine brain capillary endothelial cells (PBCEC). By using serum-free culture conditions... 

Nitz T, Eisenblaetter T, Psathaki K,Galla HJ (2003) Serum-derived factors weaken the barrier properties of cultured porcine brain capillary endothelial cells in vitro. Brain Res 981 30-40... 

Goti D, Hrzenjak A, Levak-Frank S, Frank S, van der Westhyzen DR, et al. 2001. Scavenger receptor class B, type I is expressed in porcine brain capillary endothelial cells and contributes to selective uptake of HDL-associated vitamin E. J. Neurochem. 76(2) 498-508... 

Another very obvious deviation from the working hypothesis is given by the porcine brain capillary endothelial cells (PBCEC) that have been studied in the presence and absence of the steroid hormone hydrocortisone ( HC). As demonstrated in Fig. 11 the steroid does not change the distance between membrane and substrate surface significantly (101 6 nm without HC versus 94 3 nm with HC) but it does change the acoustic load of the resonator from A Zl = 380 (without HC) to A Zl = 890 Q (with HC) indicating that there is no direct correlation between both quantities. 

Inhibition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was observed in human lymphocytic leukemia cells and porcine brain capillary endothelial cells treated with Indian frankincense extract with inhibitory concentrations in the micromolar range. The authors of the study indicated that inhibition of P-gp at the blood-brain barrier is probably not relevant for the brain availability of other P-gp substrates, due to low plasma levels determined for selected boswellic acids, but the data cannot exclude the possibility of drug interactions caused by modulation of gastrointestinal P-gp (Weber et al. 2006). 

Moderate modulation of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was observed in the calcein assay in porcine brain capillary endothelial cells treated with the compounds rutaecarpine or evodiamine. The compound evocarpine had no effect on P-gp (Adams et al. 2007). 

GOTI, D., HAMMER, A., GALLA, H. J., MALLE, E. SATTLER, W. 2000. Uptake of lipoprotein-associated alpha-tocopherol by primary porcine brain capillary endothelial cells. JNeumchem, 74, 1374-83. 

Thole, M., et al. 2002. Uptake of cationized albumin coupled liposomes by cultured porcine brain microvessel endothelial cells and intact brain capillaries. J Drug Target 10 337. 

Primary cultured porcine or bovine brain capillary endothelial cells have been used as an in vitro model for the BBB. Recently, an immortalized cell line has been established from mouse, rat, and human brain capillary endothelial cells by infection with Simian virus 40 or transfection of SV40 large T antigen (45 -7). Tatsuta et al. established an immortalized mouse brain capillary endothelial cell line (MBEC4). The activity of y-glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase, specific marker enzymes for brain capillary endothelial cells, was half that in the brain capillary (45). Also, P-gp was expressed on the apical membrane of MBEC4 cells, which corresponds to the abluminal membrane of the brain... 

Apolipoprotein (apo) A-I expression was demonstrated in porcine brain capillaries, suggesting an independent lipid metabolism inthebrain(151). Apo A-Iisthe major protein component of HDLs, which are responsible for reverse cholesterol transport from various tissues to the liver via the SR-BI receptor. Further research indicated that apo A-I was effluxed by porcine BCEC, whereas aortic endothelial cells did not. In addition, apo A-I-inducing compounds, such as cholesterol,... 

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