Frankincense extraction

Primary skin and eye irritation tests in rabbits indicated that an Indian frankincense extract containing 30% 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-P-boswellic acid was nonirritating to the skin and mildly irritating to the eyes (Lalithakumari et al. 2006). 

Inhibition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was observed in human lymphocytic leukemia cells and porcine brain capillary endothelial cells treated with Indian frankincense extract with inhibitory concentrations in the micromolar range. The authors of the study indicated that inhibition of P-gp at the blood-brain barrier is probably not relevant for the brain availability of other P-gp substrates, due to low plasma levels determined for selected boswellic acids, but the data cannot exclude the possibility of drug interactions caused by modulation of gastrointestinal P-gp (Weber et al. 2006). 

No changes in hematology, clinical chemistry, or histo-pathology were observed in rats fed diets containing 0 to 2.5% of an Indian frankincense extract containing 30%... 

Buckthorn (Frangula alnus) extract Frangula emodin Frangulic acid. See Emodin Frankincense. See Olibanum Frankincense extract. See Olibanum (Boswellia carterii) extract... 

Manuf./Distrib. CAL-Pfizer Frutarom http //www.frutarom.com, Pangaea Sciences http //www.pangaeasciences.com, Thew Arnott Co. Ltd http //www.thewarnott.co.uk Trade Name Synonyms Incense EA t[Alban MuWer http //www.albanmuller.com]. Incense H t[Alban Muller http //www.albanmuller.com] Olibanum (Boswellia carterii) extract CAS 89957-98-2 EINECS/ELINCS 289-620-2 Synonyms Boswellia carterii Boswellia carterii bark extract Boswellia carterii extract Frankincense extract Incense extract Olibanum extract... 

Figure 10.6 Total ion chromatograms obtained for frankincense showing comparison between (a) SPME and (b) dichloromethane extraction. Reproduced from S. Hamm, E. Lesellier, j. Bleton, A. Tchapla, J. Chromatogr., A, 1018, 73 83.Copyright 2003 Elsevier Limited...

Olibanum oil and olibanum resinoid are obtained from frankincense, which is a gum resin collected from the bark of the tree Boswellia carterii Birdw. or B. frereana Birdw. (Burseraceae) growing in Arabia and Somalia. The resinoid is produced by solvent extraction, and steam distillation gives the oil, which is a pale yellow, slightly viscous liquid with a balsamic odor and a faint lemon note. 

If the residue from the initial extraction is of a resinous nature, it is called a resinoid, e.g. benzoin, myrrh, frankincense. Many resinoids will yield essential oils when distilled if they contain sufficiently volatile aromatic constituents. 

Methanolic extracts of frankincense and Indian frankincense nonselectively inhibited the human drug-metabolizing isoenzymes GYP 1A2, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4 (Frank and Unger 2006). 

The LDgo of orally or intraperitoneally administered extracts of Indian frankincense in mice and rats could not be determined at doses up to 2 g/kg (Singh and Atal 1986). 

Frank, A., and M. Unger. 2006. Analysis of frankincense from various Boswellia species with inhibitory activity on human drug metabolising cytochrome P450 enzymes using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry after automated on-line extraction. /. Chromatogr. A 1112(l-2) 255-262. 

Zhou et al., [3] proved that extracts of frankincense (Boswellia carterii Birdw.) has significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in rats with symptom of writhing. 

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