POPs pollutants 186 PBDE

Sites near industrial areas in the Ebro have been found to have the highest concentration of priority contaminants [15, 47—49], while dispersion of agricultural products by drift, runoff and drainage has resulted in residues being found in ground-waters, rivers, coastal waters and lakes far from point sources [50]. Priority contaminants in aquatic environments include persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as dichlorodiphenylethylenes (DDT) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). 

In the present study, 17 compounds including dirty dozen POPs (OCPs, PCDDs/DFs, PCBs), two emerging POPs (PBDEs and PFAs), and two potential POPs (APs and PAHs) in the South Korean environment were reviewed (Table 2.1 and 2.2). Among the 17 POPs, the most studied pollutant was determined to be chlorinated dioxins and dioxin-like compounds such as PCDDs/DFs and dioxin-like PCBs for which occurrence, distribution, contamination level, fate, exposure, and control techniques have been fairly thoroughly investigated. The literature on dioxin research included 42 SCI articles and 57 domestic articles. Because most of... 

Most studies were focused on the classical POPs such as organochlo-rinated pollutants and little for emerging POPs such as PBDEs and PFAs. Preliminary emission inventory were estimated by use of the top-down approach for by-product POPs. Recently, an emission inventory, based on measurements, was established for dioxins. Over 80% of the total emission for all by-products was determined to be from two major sources, viz. waste incineration and metal production processes, among... 

China was one of the first proponents of the Stockholm Convention, but only recently have we started to prepare the national inventory of PCDD/Fs and PCBs, which are among POPs specified by the convention. PBDEs have been extensively used as flame retardants in various products, and recently, the environmental problems associated with these compounds have become great concern. Data about the pollution status of these pollutants were extremely scarce in China due to the lack of regulations and monitoring capacity. In this chapter, sources of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PBDEs and their levels in the environmental media in China are summarized, based mainly on available scientific literature. The challenges for management of these compounds are also discussed. 

The toxicity, bioaccumulative potential, and ecological impact of organohalogenated substances such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated d iben zo -pa ra - diox i n s (PCDDs), or polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) have been extensively reviewed.95 98 All are referred to as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), that is, chemical substances that remain in the environment, bioaccumulate through the food chain, and pose a risk to human health and the environment. The international community is calling for action to reduce and then eliminate the production or formation of these substances and to monitor their emission. In this case, the detectability obtainable by analytical methods should be very low, since the limits established for these residues are in the ng per liter range. 

No matter the source, flame retardants, especially the poly brominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE s), are coming under scrutiny because they are persistent organic pollutants (POPs). They are appearing in human samples, most notably serum, adipose fat tissue and breast milk. PBDE s are also under investigation as potential endocrine mimickers or endocrine disrupters. As a result, PBDE s are the most highly regulated flame retardants. Their environmental fate will continue to be a topic of research for years to come. 

The PBDEs are of particular concern. They are incorporated into polymer matrices, but are not covalently bonded and readily leach out of substrates holding them. These compounds are similar in structure to PCBs, are persistent organic polluters (POPs), and are resistant to environmental degradation and metabolism. They can be absorbed via inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact. The less-brominated PBDE species (tetra-, penta-, and hexa- moieties) have been found in human blood, adipose tissue, and breast milk. These bioaccumulate in human adipose tissues. 16 ... 

One of the main concerns with plastic resin pellets is that they carry persistent organic pollutants (POPs). POPs are human-made chemicals used in a variety of anthropogenic activities, including industry, agriculture and daily life. POPs include polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), different sorts of organochloiine pesticides (e.g. DDTs and HCHs) and brominated flame retardants (polybrominated diphenyl ethers, or PBDEs). Because of their very slow rate of degradation, POPs are persistent in the environment. POPs are... 

Shige Takada received his PhD from Tokyo Metropolitan University in 1989. His speciality is trace analysis of organic micropollutants. The target compounds include persistent organic pollutants (POPs e.g. PCBs, DDTs, PBDEs, PAHs), endocrine-disrupting chemicals (e.g. nonylphenol. 

Fish with high fat contents is an important source of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the human diet, in particular for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (EFSA, 2005). On the other side, a wide range of environmental contaminants have been reported to be accumulated in fish that can pose a potential human health hazard (Leonard, 2011). Major contaminations include the different OCPs, PAHs or the widely distributed persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and the flame retardants compound class of the polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs). Also farmed fish can significantly contribute to dietary exposure to various contaminants due to the use of land sourced fish feed. A multi method for efficient control of fish and fish feed for various groups of contaminants from PCBs, OCPs, BFRs (brominated flame retardants) and PAHs is outlined in the following analytical procedure published by Kamila Kalachova et al. (Kalachova et al., 2013). 

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