Popcorns

Com as com flakes, sweet com, com as various types of flour and meal, popcorn, other snacks foods such as chips, and com juice as sweeteners, com used in fermentation for beer and in the production of alcohol, and corncobs and stalks used as carriers for various chemicals and medications, as fiber sources, and for the improvement of soil condition by plowing under stalks, are some of the uses for this versatile crop. See Ref. 75 for more information on corn. 

Proliferous Polymerization. Eady attempts to polymerize VP anionicaHy resulted in proliferous or "popcorn" polymerization (48). This was found to be a special form of free-radical addition polymerization, and not an example of anionic polymerization, as originally thought. VP contains a relatively acidic proton alpha to the pyrroHdinone carbonyl. In the presence of strong base such as sodium hydroxide, VP forms cross-linkers in situ probably by the following mechanism ... 

Butadiene is also known to form mbbery polymers caused by polymerization initiators like free radicals or oxygen. Addition of antioxidants like TBC and the use of lower storage temperatures can substantially reduce fouling caused by these polymers. Butadiene and other olefins, such as isoprene, styrene, and chloroprene, also form so-called popcorn polymers (250). These popcorn polymers are hard, opaque, and porous. They have been reported to... 

Uninhibited chloroprene suitable for polymerisation must be stored at low temperature (<10° C) under nitrogen if quaUty is to be maintained. Otherwise, dimers or oxidation products are formed and polymerisation activity is unpredictable. Insoluble, autocatalytic "popcorn" polymer can also be formed at ambient or higher temperature without adequate inhibition. For longer term storage, inhibition is required. Phenothiasine [92-84-2] / fZ-butylcatechol [2743-78-17, picric acid [88-89-17, and the ammonium salt of /V-nitroso-/V-pheny1hydroxy1 amine [135-20-6] have been recommended. 

In the early 1950s, a number of cases of sickness occurred in children who had reportedly eaten candy and popcorn colored with excessive amounts of dye. As a result of these illnesses, new animal feeding studies were undertaken by the FDA. These studies were conducted at higher levels and for longer test periods than any experiments previously conducted and resulted in unfavorable findings for FD C Orange No. 1, FD C Orange No. 2, and FD C Red No. 32. 

Popcorn Polymerization CO-Polymerization, frequendy referred to as popcorn polymerization because of the appearance of the product, can be a dangerous side reaction if not carefully controlled. The polymeriza tion appears to proceed without external initia tion (69—71), and is catalyzed by the tightly gelled polymer seeds that are a product of the polymerization. Once seeds are present and immersed either in the Hquid or vapor phase of monomer, their weight increases exponentially with time. 

Poljmrethane Foam Association (PFA), 272 Poljnjretliane Manufacturers Association (PMA), 272 POPCORN , sulfur, 108 Portland cement, 108 Portland stone, 109... 

Peicent yield. If you started with 20 popcorn kernels, but only 16 of them popped, the percent yield of popcorn from this "reaction would be 16/20 x 100% = 80%. 

Annatto provides color in cheese, butter, margarine, and microwave popcorn. It is often used as a substitute for the expensive herb saffron. It also has antioxidant properties. 

A university student recently had a busy day. Each of the student s activities on that day (reading, having a dental x-ray, making popcorn in a microwave oven, and getting a suntan) involved radiation from a different part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Complete the following table and match each type of radiation to the appropriate event ... 

C15-0059. Popcorn kernels pop independently (that is, unimolecularly ). At constant temperature, 6 kernels pop in 5 seconds when 150 kernels are present, (a) After 50 kernels have popped, how many kernels pop in 5 seconds (b) Is there a change in the fraction of kernels popping per second If so, by how much (c) Explain the relationship between your answers to (a) and (b). 

Meats, snack food coatings, popcorn oil, cheeses... 

Nuclear decay is a random process, yet it proceeds in a predictable fashion. To resolve this paradox, consider an everyday analogy. An unstable nucleus in a sample of radioactive material is like a popcorn kernel in a batch of popcorn that is being heated. When a kernel pops, it changes form. Similarly, an unstable nucleus changes form when it decays. 

It is practically impossible to predict which particular kernel will pop at any given instant, and in this way the popping of corn is a random process, much like radioactive decay. However, the cornpopping process is predictable in the sense that you can say how much time it will take to prepare a batch of popcorn. Similarly, a sample of radioactive material decays within a known time period. This period is called a half-life. 

Chloroprene monomer will autoxidise very rapidly with air, and even at 0°C it produces an unstable peroxide (a mixed 1,2- and 1,4-addition copolymer with oxygen), which effectively will catalyse exothermic polymerisation of the monomer. The kinetics of autoxidation have been studied [1], It forms popcorn polymer at a greater rate than does butadiene [2],... 

A leaking valve allowed butadiene to accumulate in a pipeline exposed to an inerting gas containing up to 2% of oxygen. Peroxide formed and initiated popcorn polymerisation which burst the pipeline. 

At the movies, Lucinda bought food for herself and her friend Rae, including 1 box of popcorn to share at 5 a box, 1 box of Junior Mints for each of them at 2 a box, and 1 soft drink for each at 3 apiece. Rae bought a ticket for each at 7 apiece. Who spent the most money and by how much ... 

A ticket to an evening movie at a theater costs 7.50. The cost of popcorn at the concession stand is equal to 80% of the cost of a ticket. How much does the popcorn cost ... 

An unusually highly crosslinked, and therefore insoluble, form of polystyrene called popcorn polymer may also contain stuck free radicals. It has the lifelike property of growing when put into fresh... 

In summary, we realize how each particle of gas has enormous kinetic energy and are separated widely. Yet, like popcorn in a popcorn maker, these particles cannot be classed as wholly independent, one from another, because they collide. They collide... 

If you re going to pull a vacuum in the sublimator, do it now. If the vacuum source is a water aspirator, put a water trap between the aspirator and the sublimator. Otherwise you may get depressed if, during a sudden pressure drop, water backs up and fills your sublimator. Also, start the vacuum slowly. If not, air, entrained in your solid, comes rushing out and blows the crude product all over the sublimator, like popcorn. 

Popcorn polymerization, 79 835 Popping, coating film defect, 7 123-124 Poppy seed, 23 170 Population balances, 3 120-121 Population inversion, 74 658 Porcelain, 5 582... 

When oil shale is retorted, the inorganic portion of the shale expands considerably. The spent shale remaining has no direct commercial value and, ideally, it is placed back in the mine. However, because of the popcorn effect, the volume of spent shale is greater than the volume of the mine from which it was taken. 

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