Polysaccharides Carbohydrates that

Polysaccharide Carbohydrates that contain more than ten monosaccharide units. 

Polyethylene (Section 6 21) A polymer of ethylene Polymer (Section 6 21) Large molecule formed by the repeti tive combination of many smaller molecules (monomers) Polymerase chain reaction (Section 28 16) A laboratory method for making multiple copies of DNA Polymerization (Section 6 21) Process by which a polymer is prepared The principal processes include free radical cationic coordination and condensation polymerization Polypeptide (Section 27 1) A polymer made up of many (more than eight to ten) amino acid residues Polypropylene (Section 6 21) A polymer of propene Polysaccharide (Sections 25 1 and 25 15) A carbohydrate that yields many monosacchande units on hydrolysis Potential energy (Section 2 18) The energy a system has ex elusive of Its kinetic energy... 

Polysaccharide (Sections 25.1 and 25.15) A carbohydrate that yields many monosaccharide units on hydrolysis. 

Polysaccharide (Section 25.1) A carbohydrate that is made of many simple sugars linked together by acetal bonds. 

The simplest carbohydrate, called a monosaccharide, is composed of a structure that cannot be hydrolyzed to simpler polyhydroxylic compounds. A disaccharide is a carbohydrate that contains two of these basic units, and a polysaccharide contains many polyhydroxylic monomers. 

Polysaccharides Complex carbohydrates are polysaccharides (most often polymers of glucose), which do not have a sweet taste. Starch is an example of a complex carbohydrate that is found in abundance in plants. Common sources include wheat and other grains, potatoes, dried peas and beans, and vegeta bles. 

The present utilization of carbohydrates as a feedstock for the chemical industry is modest, when considering their ready availability, low cost and huge potential [92], The bulk of the annually renewable carbohydrate biomass consists of polysaccharides, but their non-food utilization is still modest. The low-molecular-weight carbohydrates, that is, the constituent units of these polysaccharides, are potential raw materials for several commodity chemicals in fact, glucose (available from cornstarch, bagasse, molasses, wood), fructose (inulin), xylose (hemicelluloses) or the disaccharide sucrose (world production 140 Mtons year-1) are inexpensive and available on a scale of several ten thousands. 

Polysaccharides A class of high-molecular-weight carbohydrates that can be broken down to monosaccharides on hydrolysis... 

Polysaccharides are carbohydrates that can be hydrolyzed to many monosaccharide units. Polysaccharides are naturally occurring polymers (biopolymers) of carbohydrates. They include starch and cellulose, both biopolymers of glucose. Starch is a polysaccharide whose carbohydrate units are easily added to store energy or removed to provide... 

The general term oligosaccharide, is often used for carbohydrates that contain from four to ten monosaccharide units. We will look at some of the common disaccharides, examine their bonding patterns and properties and then turn to some common polysaccharides. 

Bencomo et al. demonstrated that a chemically synthesized Hib vaccine had an activity comparable to that of existing vaccines prepared from Hib polysaccharides and that vaccines based on synthetic complex carbohydrates would be useful (O Scheme 19) [130], Their report now serves as a base for establishing similar approaches to the control of other human pathogens. 

Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes, polyhydroxy ketones, or compounds that can be hydrolyzed to them. A carbohydrate that cannot be hydrolyzed to simpler compounds is called a monosaccharide. A carbohydrate that can be hydrolyzed to two monosaccharide molecules is called a disaccharide. A carbohydrate that can be hydrolyzed to many monosaccharide molecules is called a polysaccharide. 

Lewis acid catalysis can lower the energy of LUMOdiene in heterodienes even further, as in the cycloaddition of enol ethers to a,j8-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. This reaction provides an important method for the synthesis of glucals, dehydrated carbohydrates that are important building blocks in the synthesis of polysaccharides. 

A carbohydrate that contains three monosaccharides is called a trisaccharide, and so on. Carbohydrates that contain from four to ten monosaccharides are usually called by the general term oligosaccharides. Carbohydrates that contain larger numbers of monosaccharide units are called polysaccharides. 

Sugars are the basic units of carbohydrates, the most abundant organic molecules found in nature. Carbohydrates range from the simple sugars, or monosaccharides, such as glucose and fructose, to the polysaccharides, polymers that contain thou-... 

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