Polyrotaxanes ether ketone

Poly(ether sulfone) and poly(ether ketone) rotaxanes 77, 78, 79, and 80 were reported by Xie and Gong via solution polymerization in a mixture of toluene and DMF in the presence of metal ions (K+ or Na+) and 30C10 [114, 123]. The min values depended on the reaction conditions and the amount of BG applied [114, 123]. Polyrotaxanes 77 and 78 were difficult to purify because these polymers formed emulsions in water or methanol. Because of different preparation conditions between those with or without BG, the absolute m/n values are not comparable and thus the effect of the BG on threading remains unknown. However, considering that a polar solvent, i.e., DMF, was used for polymerization, these m/n values are still significant. 

CD are very rigid molecules and polyrotaxanes derived from them are expected to be more rigid than the starting backbone. Poly(methyl methacrylate side chain rotaxane) 56 had a Tg 20°C higher than the backbone itself. The same observation was also seen in side chain poly(ether ketone) and poly(ether sulfone) systems [96-102]. 

Beckham and coworkers studied the dynamic mechanical properties of poly(urethane-crown ether rotaxane)s [138]. No difference was observed between the backbone and polyrotaxane, probably because of the low min value (0.02). However, 13C solid-state NMR detected die presence of the crown ether as a mobile structure at room temperature. The same observation was seen in polyrotaxanes with ether sulfone and ether ketone backbones (77-80) [114]. Although no detailed properties were reported, the detection of the liquid-like crown ether provided very important information in terms of mechanical properties, because these properties are the result of molecular response to external forces. For example, mobile crown ethers can play the role of plasticizers and thus improve impact strength. 

The acid-base Nafion composite membranes include blends of Nafion with polypyrrole (PPy) [98-104], polybenzimidazole (PBI) [105-107], poly (propyleneoxide) (PPO) [108, 109], polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) [110], poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) [111-115], sulfonated phenol-formaldehyde (sPF) [116], polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) [117-122], poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) [123], poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) [124] polyanifine (PANI) [125-128], polyethylene (PE) [129], poly(ethylene-terephtalate) [130], sulfated p-cyclodextrin (sCD) [131], sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (sPEEK) [132-135], sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone) (sPAEK) [136], poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PAES) [137], poly(vinylimidazole) (PVl) [138], poly(vinyl pyridine) (PVPy) [139], poly (tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) [140-142], poly(fluorinated ethylene-propylene) [143], sulfonated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (sPOSS) [144], poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDT) [145, 146], polyrotaxanes (PR) [147], purple membrane [148], sulfonated polystyrene (PSSA) [149, 150], polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-bpolystyrene (SEES) [151], poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-l-propanesulphonic acid-co-l,6-hexanediol propoxylate diacrylate-co-ethyl methacrylate) (AMPS) [152], and chitosan [31]. A binary PVA/chitosan [153] and a ternary Nafion composite with PVA, polyimide (PI) and 8-trimethoxy silylpropyl glycerin ether-1,3,6-pyrenetrisulfonic acid (TSPS) has also been reported [154]. 

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