Polypodium

Flavonoids from Hippophae rhamnoides Flavonol glycosides from Vernonia galamensis Flavonol glycosides from Picea abies Flavonol glycosides from Polypodium decumanum Flavone C-glycosides from Cecropia lyratiloba... 

Vasange, M. et al., The flavonoid constituents of two Polypodium species (Calaguala) and their effect on the elastase release in human neutrophils, Planta Med., 63, 511, 1997. 

Koptur, S., Rico-Gray, V. and Palacios-Rios, M. (1998). Ant protection of the nectaried fern Polypodium plebeium in central Mexico. American Journal of Botany 85 736-739. 

Osladin, a steroidal saponin, was isolated as a sweet principle of the fem Polypodium vulgare L. (Polypodiaceae). Later, Nishizawa and Yamada.36 reinvestigated the structure of osladin and revised the stereochemistry at C-22, C-25, and C-26. Although osladin has been reported to be 3000 times sweeter than sucrose, this value was also... 

Three steroidal saponins, polypodosides, were isolated from the rhizomes of Polypodium glycyrrbiza DC. Eaton (Polypodiaceae).37,38 According to the corrected structure of osladin, the structure of polypodoside was also revised.39 Polypodoside A was shown to be highly sweet (600 times sweeter than sucrose). 

The structures of triterpanes D (166)126 and H (167),127 from Nigerian crude oil, have been established by X-ray analysis. Dryocrassol (168), from the rhizomes of Polypodium leucotomos,12H is the C-22 epimer of neriifoliol. 

Osladin Polypodium vulgare (European fern) Sweet (500X >sucrose)... 

Polypodoside A Polypodium glycyrrhiza (licorice fern) Sweet (600 X >sucrose... 

Ponasterones A, B, C D Chenopodium, Rhagodia, Spinacia (Chenopodiaceae), Ajuga, Lamium (Lamiaceae), Lloydia (Liliaceae), Polypodium (Polypodiaceae) spp. Podocarpus nakaii (Podocarpaceae) ECDY-R agonists... 

Fernenol palmitate (176) and 3/8-acetoxyfern-9(ll)-ene (177) have been isolated from the fern Polypodium subpetiolatum Trematol (178), from the stem bark of Trema orientalis, is the C-21 epimer of fernenol with which it... 

PE-free callus from Polypodium vulgare was shown to biotransform ecdysone fo 20-hydroxyecdysone, which is the last step in the biosynthetic pathway of the main plant PE. This hydroxylation is catalysed by a cytochrome P450 enzyme which was subsequently purified from that source (Canals et al, 2005). In another study, Reixach et al. (1999) have shown that 25-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone was transformed efficiently in both tissues into 20-hydroxyecdysone, but no 25-deoxyecdysteroids such as pterosterone and inokosterone were formed. Likewise, incubation of 2-deoxyecdysone produced exclusively ecdysone and 20E, indicating a high 2-hydroxylase activity in both tissues. 

Canals, D., Imrre-Santilari, J. and Casas, J. (2005) The first cytochrome P450 in ferns. Evidence for its involvement in pyhtoecdysteroid biosynthesis in Polypodium vul-gare. FEBS., 272, 4817-25. 

Reixach, N., Lafont, R., Camps, R and Casas, J. (1999) Biotransformations of putative phytoecdysteroid biosynthetic precursors in tissue cultures of Polypodium vulgare. Eur.. Biochem., 266, 608-15. 

As expected, lanosterol (70) but not cycloartenol (72) was converted in rats into cholesterol on the other hand both triterpenoids are utilized by Zea mays in the formation of C-24-alkylated sterols. Sterol formation has been demonstrated in the fern Polypodium vulgare, tobacco, and Calendula... 

Full details have appeared on the cyclization of squalene (but not 2,3-oxido-squalene) to fem-9(ll)-ene in Polypodium vulgare, and of the incorporation ... 

The steroidal saponin osladin (58) was isolated as a sweet principle from the fern Polypodium vulgare L. (Polypodiaceae) nearly 40 years ago [20,28]. However, the original structure proposed was later revised because the synthetic compound produced was not sweet at all [87]. The correct structure of osladin (58) was characterized by single crystal X-ray... 

Osladin (62) is a steroidal glycoside that is about 500-times sweeter than sucrose. It was isolated by the Czech chemists Jizba and Herout in 1967 [112] from the rhizomes of European fern Polypodium vulgare known for its very sweet taste. Its structure has been recently revised [113] by total synthesis. During the synthesis it was shown that minute changes in the structure result in total loss of the sweet taste. Thus, this is a t5 ical glycoside whose overall structure - including the glycosidic part - is crucial for the respective activity. 

Two new rearranged hopanes, alangidiol (178) and isoalangidiol (179), with a d-e cis fusion have been reported from the leaves of Alangium lamarckii. New fernene derivatives which have appeared this year include fern-9(l l)-en-6a-ol (180) and fern-9(ll)-en-20j8-ol (181) from the rhizomes of Polypodium juglandifolium and hortensol (182) from the leaves of Evodia hortensis The structure of (182) was confirmed by A"-ray analysis. 

Polypodium. Polypody. Polypodium filix mas. Radix. The root. 

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