Elastase release

Elastase release from dense granules is monitored with a nonfluorescent substrate containing a coumarin derivative. When the substrate is cleaved, fluorescent aminomethylcoumarin is released. 

The rate of aminomethylcoumarin production is proportional to the amount of elastase released (12). 

Vasange, M. et al., The flavonoid constituents of two Polypodium species (Calaguala) and their effect on the elastase release in human neutrophils, Planta Med., 63, 511, 1997. 

Clinical pharmacology Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is a chronic, hereditary, usually fatal, autosomal recessive disorder in which a low concentration of alphai-proteinase inhibitor is associated with slowly progressive, severe, panacinar emphysema that most often manifests itself in the third to fourth decades of fife. The pathogenesis of development of emphysema in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is believed to be due to a chronic biochemical imbalance between elastase and alphai-proteinase inhibitor (the principal inhibitor of neutrophil elastase), which is deficient in alpha-1 antitrypsin disease. As a result it is believed that alveolar structures are unprotected from chronic exposure to elastase released from a chronic low-level burden of neutrophils in the lower respiratory tract, resulting in progressive degradation... 

Role of ai-AT in the lungs In the normal lung, the alveoli are chronically exposed to low levels of neutrophil elastase released from activated and degenerating neutrophils. This proteolytic activity can destroy the elastin in alveolar walls if unopposed by the inhibitory action of a-rAT, the most important inhibitor of neu trophil elastase (see Figure 4.14). Because lung tissue cannot regenerate, emphysema results from the destruction of the con nective tissue of alveolar walls. 

Chang L, Karin M (2001) Mammalian MAP kinase signalling cascades. Nature 410(6824) 37-40 Chen Y, Hashiguchi N, Yip L, Junger WG (2006) Hypertonic saline enhances neutrophil elastase release through activation of P2 and A receptors. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 290(4) C1051-C1059... 

AAT is a plasma protein that protects cells, especially those in the lung, from destruction by elastase released by neutrophils. In individuals with the most common allele (M), plasma levels of AAT are approximately 30 micromolar (150 mg/dL). The protective effect of AAT in the lungs is significantly diminished when plasma levels are less than 10 micromolar. AAT is an acute-phase reactant, and the serum concentration can be quite variable. Typically, reference range concentrations are 80-200 mg/dL (16-40 micromolar). 

From the anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antioxidant extract of Kageneckia oblonga, Delporte et al. [13] isolated two cucurbitacins which were assayed as potential antioxidants and also as inhibitors of enzymes implicated in inflammatory reactions. Isolated compounds, 23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin F and 3P-( 3-D-glucosyloxy)-16a,23a-epoxy-cucurbitan-5,24-diene-ll-one, Fig. (11), inhibited the production of superoxide anion as well as elastase release in stimulated human neutrophils. In addition, the compounds inhibited both nitrite and... 

Porteau, F., Brockhaus, M., Wallach, D., Engelmann, H., and Nathan, C. F. (1991). Human neutrophil elastase releases a ligand-binding fragment from the 75-kDa tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor./. Biol. Chem. 266, 18846-18853. 

Barnett CC, Moore EE, Moore FA, Biffl WL, Partrick DA Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 provokes polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase release by CD18. Surgery 1996 120 395 04. 

Standiford TJ, Kunkel SL, Greenberger MJ, Laicbalk LL, Stricter RM. Expression and regulation of chemokines in bacterial pneumonia. J Leukoc Biol 1996 59 24-28. Boutten A, Dehoux MS, Seta N. Compartmentahzed IL-8 and elastase release within the human lung in unilateral pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996 ... 

A caffeine-ftee C. nitida nuts extract has a protective effect against tissue damage caused by the release of ROS and elastase from polymorphonnclear nentrophils in response to infection. The protective effect occurs through scavenging of peroxides and inhibition of elastase release and activity. ... 

Taipale J, Lohi J, Saarinen J, Kovanen PT, Keski OJ. Human mast cell chymase and leukocyte elastase release latent transforming growth factor-beta 1 from the extracellular matrix of cultured human epithelial and endothelial cells. JBiol Chem 1995 270 4689-4696. 

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