Polypodium vulgare

Osladin, a steroidal saponin, was isolated as a sweet principle of the fem Polypodium vulgare L. (Polypodiaceae). Later, Nishizawa and Yamada.36 reinvestigated the structure of osladin and revised the stereochemistry at C-22, C-25, and C-26. Although osladin has been reported to be 3000 times sweeter than sucrose, this value was also... 

Osladin Polypodium vulgare (European fern) Sweet (500X >sucrose)... 

PE-free callus from Polypodium vulgare was shown to biotransform ecdysone fo 20-hydroxyecdysone, which is the last step in the biosynthetic pathway of the main plant PE. This hydroxylation is catalysed by a cytochrome P450 enzyme which was subsequently purified from that source (Canals et al, 2005). In another study, Reixach et al. (1999) have shown that 25-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone was transformed efficiently in both tissues into 20-hydroxyecdysone, but no 25-deoxyecdysteroids such as pterosterone and inokosterone were formed. Likewise, incubation of 2-deoxyecdysone produced exclusively ecdysone and 20E, indicating a high 2-hydroxylase activity in both tissues. 

Reixach, N., Lafont, R., Camps, R and Casas, J. (1999) Biotransformations of putative phytoecdysteroid biosynthetic precursors in tissue cultures of Polypodium vulgare. Eur.. Biochem., 266, 608-15. 

As expected, lanosterol (70) but not cycloartenol (72) was converted in rats into cholesterol on the other hand both triterpenoids are utilized by Zea mays in the formation of C-24-alkylated sterols. Sterol formation has been demonstrated in the fern Polypodium vulgare, tobacco, and Calendula... 

Full details have appeared on the cyclization of squalene (but not 2,3-oxido-squalene) to fem-9(ll)-ene in Polypodium vulgare, and of the incorporation ... 

The steroidal saponin osladin (58) was isolated as a sweet principle from the fern Polypodium vulgare L. (Polypodiaceae) nearly 40 years ago [20,28]. However, the original structure proposed was later revised because the synthetic compound produced was not sweet at all [87]. The correct structure of osladin (58) was characterized by single crystal X-ray... 

Osladin (62) is a steroidal glycoside that is about 500-times sweeter than sucrose. It was isolated by the Czech chemists Jizba and Herout in 1967 [112] from the rhizomes of European fern Polypodium vulgare known for its very sweet taste. Its structure has been recently revised [113] by total synthesis. During the synthesis it was shown that minute changes in the structure result in total loss of the sweet taste. Thus, this is a t5 ical glycoside whose overall structure - including the glycosidic part - is crucial for the respective activity. 

Fern female Polypodium vulgare, male Diyopterus Jilixmas (V of V) V ofV 9 Female—perennial... 

It is not too surprising that many plants produce ecdysteroids to defend themselves against potential insect pests. The so-called phyto-ecdysones have a potent molt-inducing effect, and some of them may be even more potent than p-ecdysone. Gymnosperms and ferns often contain much of phyto-ecdysones. Bracken (Pteridium aquilium) and the rhizomes of the well-known liquorice fern (Polypodium vulgare), for instance, have up to 1% of their dry weight of p-ecdysone, and the rhizomes of liquorice can be used as a commercial source of P-ecdysones. A Siberian medicinal plant (Leuzea carthamoides) was recently studied by Zeleny et al. (1997). The plant has as... 

C45H740,7, Mr 887.07, cryst. (CH3OH), mp. 198 -199 °C. Very sweet (500-fold sweeter than saccharose) tasting "saponin from the fern Polypodium vulgare (Polypodiaceae). The total synthesis has been repotted. Lit. Synlett 1993,54ff. 1995,785 - 793. gen. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 1996, 405 Stud. Plant Sci. 6, 360-372 (1999) (review) Tetrahedron Ult. 33,4009 (1992) see also glycytrhizin, slevioside. - [CAS 33650-66-7]... 

Serratene from the rhizomes of European wood fern Polypodium vulgare, (+)-3a-methoxy-13-serraten-2ip-ol from the bark of spmee Picea sitchensis (Pina-... 

Constit. of Polypodium vulgare and Smilax aspera. Cryst. (MeOH or McjCO). Mp 132 . [a]o +42 (CHClj). 

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