Polyphenylene ether plastic

Boric oxide is reported to be an effective fire retardant in engineering plastics such as polyphenylene ether (PPE)/high impact polystyrene (HIPS), polyetherketone, and polyetherimide.34-35 It is particularly effective when used in conjunction with PTFE or polyvinylidene fluoride. The use of boric oxide in conjunction with red phosphorus was reported to be an effective combination in fiberglass reinforced polyamide 6,6.36... 

Plastics for which the adhesion of coatings may be improved by plasma pre-treatment are reported to be polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonates, polyacetals, polyaromatic esters, polyimides, polyamides, polyphenylene ether, polyacrylates, acetal homopolymer, and poly(ether imide). 

Polymer Blends. Blending of polymers with each other accounts for approximately 40 percent of the present plastics market, and the practice is growing continually, because it permits the development of improved properties without the cost of inventing new polymers. When polymers are fairly miscible, as in the polyethylenes, and in polyphenylene ether plus polystyrene, blending can be used to produce intermediate properties and balance of properties. Most polymer blends... 

The good compatibility of PS and polyphenylene ether (PPE) has been used for a long time to make blends that even with a PS content in excess of 50wt% still count as modified PPE. The addition of PPE results in the increase of PS s heat resistance that can be raised to the same range as that for ABS. Result is a lower cost plastic. 

The most popular materials are styrenics and olefins, and engineering plastics such as modified polyphenylene ether or polycarbonate (Chapter 2). Fillers for enhanced physical properties, UV stabilizers, and flame retardants are common additives. 

Electrical and electronic devices are made utilizing several various types of plastic materials, thus when discarded their waste is difficult to recycle. The plastics employed in housing and other appliances are more or less homogeneous materials (among others PP, PVC, PS, HIPS, ABS, SAN, Nylon 6,6, the pyrolysis liquids of which have been discussed above). However, metals are embedded in printed circuit boards, switches, junctions and insulated wires, moreover these parts contain fire retardants in addition to support and filler materials. Pyrolysis is a suitable way to remove plastics smoothly from embedded metals in electrical and electronic waste (EEW), in addition the thermal decomposition products of the plastics may serve as feedstock or fuel. PVC, PBT, Nylon 6,6, polycarbonate (PC), polyphenylene ether (PPO), epoxy and phenolic resins occur in these metal-containing parts of EEW. 

As in case of mixed cresols, mixed xylenols have been used for manufacture of carbolic soaps, disinfectants, wire enamels, and fire-retardant plasticizers. However, 2,4-xylenol, 2,6-xylenol, and 3,5-xylenols have been used for organic chemical synthesis. 2,6-Xylenol is a precursor for an engineering plastic polyphenylene oxide also known as polyphenylene ether. 

Prevex . [GE Plastics] Polyphenylene ether resins for inj. molding, extrusion, structural foam molding for pumps, housings, small aj ianoes, lawn care tools, power tools, industrial devices, sheet pnrfile, business machine parts, elec, enclosures and connectors. 

Ultranyl . [BASF/Engineering Plastics BASF AG] Polyamide and polyphenylene ether alloy for inj. molding of tech, parts. 

Polyphenylene ether resins were developed in the early 60 s but could not be processed because the thermal degradation temperature was a few degrees below the melt temperature required for processing. Later discovery that PS can act as a plasticizer lead to the introduction of PPE/PS, one of the most successful blend (Noryl , Prevex , Luranyl ). 

Davis SM, Gallucci RR, Lee S, Sanner MA. Sterilized polyetherimide/polyphenylene ether sulfone articles. US Patent 8501291, assigned to Sabic Innovative Plastics IP B.V., NL 2013. 

This chapter covers polymers in which the most important linking group is the ether moiety, which is —O—. Included in this chapter are the acetals also called polyoxymethylene (POM) or polyacetal. Acetals come in two types, homopolymer and copolymer. The third plastic type included in this chapter is polyphenylene ether (PPE) also referred to as polyphenylene oxide (PPO). 

The five engineering polymer families are polyamides (PA), thermoplastic polyesters (PEST), polycarbonates (PC), polyoxymethylenes (POM), and polyphenylene ethers (PPE). According to a March 2013 Industry Experts report entitled Engineering Plastics - A Global Market, 19.6 Mt of engineering plastics were produced in 2012. In other words, these polymers constitute only about 10 % by volume of all polymers produced. However, due to superior properties, they command a much larger percentage by value of the plastic consumption. 

Blends of polyphenylene ether (PPE, also known as PPO ) with HIPS are, by far, the most successful of all the commercial blends. General Electric company, which originally introduced this blend commercially in 1964 under the trade name Noryl , has since sold all their Plastics business to Sabic. Noryl resins are now... 

Ultem PEI/PPO PEI blends with polyphenylene ether GE Plastics... 

Engineering plastic n. (1) A broad term covering those plastics, with or without fillers and reinforcements that have mechanical, chemical, electrical, and/or thermal properties suitable for industrial applications. R. B. Seymour, an outstanding authority, defined them as polymers thermoplastic or thermosetting, that maintain their dimensional stability and major mechanical properties in the temperature range 0-100° C. He listed the big five (among neat resins) as nylons, polycarbonate, acetals, polyphenylene ether, and thermoplastic polyesters. Among many others are acrylics, fluorocarbons, phenoxy, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer, polyaryl... 

Plastics— Thermoplastic Polyester/Ester and Polyether/Ester Elastomers for Moulding and Extrusion. Part 2 Preparation of Test Specimens and Determination of Properties Plastics—Polyphenylene Ether (PPE) Moulding and Extrusion Materials. Part 1 Designation System and Basis for Specifications Plastics—Polyphenylene Ether (PPE) Moulding and Extrusion Materials. Part 2 Preparation of Test Specimens and Determination of Properties... 

Chapter 9, Polyphenylene Ether Blends and Alloys, from GE Plastics describes traditional and new polyphenylene-ether grades based on GE Plastics Noryl . GE Plastics originally invented polyphenylene ether (PPE), its blends and alloys, and PPO polyphenylene oxide. Noryl is typically... 

Sulfolane is used as a polymerization solvent for the production of polysulfones, polysiloxanes, polyphenylene ethers, and other polymers. Sulfolane is said to increase the reaction rates, afford easier polymer purification, and improved thermal stability. Sulfolane is a solvent for dissolving a variety of polymers for use in the fiber-spinning process. Cellulose and cellulose ester polymers can be plasticized with sulfolane to give improved flexibility and other physical property improvements [12,13]. Other application areas that have used sulfolane include electronic and electrical, textile-dye uses, curing of polysulfide sealant, and as a catalyst in certain synthetic reactions. 

Polyaramide and Par/PET blends were sold by Amoco with high heat resistance and impact strength. Celanese introduced the polyoxymethylene (POM)/PBT and POM/thermoplastic urethane (TPU) blends. Polyphenylene ether polyamide blends (PPE)/PA blends were prepared by GE Plastics with good solvent and heat resistance. 

This problem is exacerbated where PTFE is used as a flame retardant additive in engineering plastics such as polyphenylene ether, polycarbonate and ABS where it imparts non-dripping characteristics during burning of the polymer. In the temperatures encountered in pol3mier incineration, PTFE would almost certainly produce dangerous levels of PFIB. 

The GE LNP Engineering Plastics subsidiary offers THERMOCOMP HT Solder UE-1006 and THERMOCOMP HT Solder ZE-1006 compounds which comprise a matrix of resin blends containing 30% glass. The former compound is based on PPA resin whereas the latter uses a matrix of modified-polyphenylene ether. Both these grades are claimed to offer high distortion temperatures of over 260 °C, excellent dimensional stability and excellent flame retardancy. LNP also manufactures Starflam Eco-Fr compounds which are based on glass-fibre reinforced PPA coupled with ECO friendly flame retardant technology. 

Polyphenylene ether, PPE. Poly(2,6-dimethyl-l,4-phenylene ether), PPE, was invented by Allan Stuart Hay in 1959 [Hay, 1962, 1967]. The PPE homopolymer was introduced by General Electric Co., GEC, in 1964. A year later Westlake Plastics Co. started production of A/p/ia/ xTM 400, extruded rods, sheets and tubing of PPE. The same year Richardson Co. put miscible blends of PPE with crystal PS on the market. In spite of the PPE/PS miscibility, the single-phase system was not a commercial success. In mid-1966 GEC introduced WoryZ family of PPE blends with HIPS [Boldebuck, 1960 Cizek, 1968]. 

POSS polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes PP polypropylene PPA polyphthalamide ppb parts per billion PPG polyphthalate carbonate PPE polyphenylene ether pph parts per hundred ppm parts per million ppmv parts per million by volume ppmwt parts per million by weight PPO polyphenylene oxide PPPS polyphenylene sulfide sulphone PPS polyphenylene sulfide PPSF polyphenylsulfone PPSU polyphenylene sulphone PPVC plasticized polyvinyl chloride PR public relation PS polystyrene... 

Peters EN. Polyphenylene ether blends and alloys. In Margolis J, editor. Engineering plastics handbook thermoplastics, properties, and applications. New York McGraw-Hill 2006. p. 181-220. Chapter 9. 

An injection molded part with a half box shape cut by a diagonal plane was used for this study. There were many holes, ribs, and gussets featured on the horizontal surface of the part. It was also critical to hold a tight flatness on it. It was not allowed to have stress cracks on it. The nominal wall thickness was 1.5 mm with some areas with thinner or thicker wall thickness on the part. The part dimensions were 59 mm x 28 mm x 59 mm. The molding material used was the copolymer of polyphenylene ether and polystyrene, Noryl TN300 transparmt resin from GE Plastics USA. 

Several flexible polymers, such as natural rubber (NR) synthetic rubber (SR) polyalkyl acrylates copolymers of acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene, (ABS) and polyvinyl alkyl ethers, have been used to improve the impact resistance of PS and PVC. PS and copolymers of ethylene and propylene have been used to increase the ductility of polyphenylene oxide (PPO) and nylon 66, respectively. The mechanical properties of several other engineering plastics have been improved by blending them with thermoplastics. 

Fortunately, the deficiencies of both the classic thermosets and general purpose thermoplastics have been overcome by the commercialization of a series of engineering plastics including polyacetals, polyamides, polycarbonate, polyphenylene oxide, polyaryl esters, polyaryl sulfones, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether ether ketones and polylmides. Many improvements in performance and processing of these new polymers may be anticipated through copolymerization, blending and the use of reinforcements. 

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