Polyphenols in wine

Kantz, K. and Singleton, V.L., Isolation and determination of polymeric polyphenols in wines nsing Sephadex LH-20, Am. J. Enol. Viticult., 42, 309, 1991. 

An interesting case is the prevention of cardio-vascular diseases as a result of the consumption of wine. Like most fruits grapes are rich in polyphenols, and the process of wine making results in the concentration of polyphenols. Wine polyphenols are considered to have beneficial effects on coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis. The presence of polyphenols in wine are thought to be the reason for the French paradox France was shown to have a coronary mortality rate close to that of China and Japan in spite of the high amount of saturated fat and cholesterol levels in the French diet. The consumption of red wine in France, however, is considerably higher than in either China or Japan (Staggs, 1996). 

It is widely accepted that polyphenols in wine are responsible for beneficial health effects (Sun et al. 2006). Particularly fran.y-resveratrol has been intensively studied and marked biological activities with regard to the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer have been reported (Ito et al. 2003). Other stilbenes also have properties similar to those of fran.y-resveratrol. Therefore, monitoring new stilbene derivatives in wine is of particular relevance (Guebailia et al. 2006). 

Phenols and polyphenols in wine are transferred from the grape in the winemaking and are released from the wood barrels used for the wine ageing. The principal low MW phenols in wine are reported in Figure 3.1. 

Sample preparation by reverse-phase chromatography can be performed using a Ci8 SPE cartridge 30 mL of dealcoholized wine are loaded onto the cartridge, after rinsing with 40 mL of water PAs are recovered with lOmL of acetone/water/acetic acid 70 29.5 0.5 (v/v/v) (Lazarus et al., 1999). A method for fractionation of polyphenols in wine by reverse-phase chromatography is reported in the flow diagram in Fig. 6.20 (Sun et al., 2006). 

A Comparative Study of Analytical Methods for Determination of Polyphenols in Wine by HPLC/UV-Vis, Spectrophotometry and Chemiluminometry... 

Table 1. Limits of quantification (LOQ) for determination of polyphenols in wine.

Nave, F., M. Joao Cabrita, C. T. Da Costa. (2007). Use of solid-supported liquid-liquid extraction in the analysis of polyphenols in wine. J. Chromatogr. A. 1169, 23-30. 

Weingerl V, M. StrliC, D. Kocar. (2009). Comparison of methods for determination of polyphenols in wine by HPLC-UV/VIS, LC/MS/MS and spectrophotometry. Acta Chim. Slav. 56,3,698-703. 

Weingerl, V., M StrliC, D. KoCar. (2011). Evaluation of the chenruliirninometric method for determination of polyphenols in wine. Analytical Letters. 44,1310-1322. 

Vinas P, Campillo N, Martinez-Castillo N, Hemandez-Cordoba M (2009) Solid-phase microextraction on-fiber derivatization for the analysis of some polyphenols in wine and grapes using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1216 1279-1284... 

Figure 1.4 Schemes of the experimental setups of (a) a hybrid electronic tongue for the control of the beer production process. Reproduced from Ref [38] with permission from Elsevier, (b) A bioelectronic tongue for quantification of polyphenols In wine. Reproduced from Ref [31] with permission from Elsevier...

Brenna, O., Buratti, S., Cosio, M.S. andMannino, S. (1998) Anew HPLC method for the determination of polyphenols in wines based on the use of less aggressive eluents and a coupled revelation system. Electroanalysis, 10, 1204-1207. 

Arce, L., M. T. Tena, A. Rios, and M. Valcarcel. 1998b. Determination of trans-resve-ratrol and other polyphenols in wines by a continuous flow sample clean-up system followed by capillary electrophoresis separation. Anal. Chim. Acta 359 27-38. 

Sanchez Arribas, A., M. Martinez-Fernandez, M. Moreno, E. Bermejo, A. Zapardiel, and M. Chicharro. 2013. Analysis of total polyphenols in wines by FIA with highly stable amperometric detection using carbon nanotube-modified electrodes. Food Chem. 136 1183-1192. 

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