Polyphenolics anthocyanins

Anthocyanins are poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and the mechanisms involved remain unclear. These compounds are usually recovered in very small amounts in human serum after oral ingestion (less than 1% of the dose) or in the IN fraction after in vitro digestion (about 5%). ° Unlike other polyphenols, anthocyanins constitute an exception because intact glycosides are recovered in the body (without deglycosylation prior to absorption). - This may be explained by either the instability of the free aglycone form or by a specific mechanism of absorption for anthocyanins. 

However, strong pH conditions could cause degradation of some phenolics. For example, in Figure 3.2, two polyphenolics (anthocyanins). 

Nutrient Content high in protein, prebiotic fiber, antioxidant A-C-E vitamins, B vitamins, dietary minerals Phytochemical Content high in carotenoids (beta-carotene), polyphenols (anthocyanins)... 

Phytochemical Content high in polyphenols (anthocyanins, proantho-cyanidins, resveratrol)... 

The research excitement about a< af has derived from its prodigious content of polyphenols—anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, and tannins. These polyphenols collectively create strong antioxidant effects in test-tube studies. 

High Phytochemical Content carotenoids (beta-carotene) polyphenols (anthocyanins, particularly pelargonidin, and ellagic acid and ellagitannins in the strawberry achenes, delphinidin and cyanidin glycosides and rutinosides, quercetin, hydroxycinnamic acids, proanthocyanidins)... 

High Phytochemical Content carotenoids (alpha- and beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein, violaxanthin) polyphenols (anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, ellagic acid)... 

High Nutrient Content prebiotic fiber, dietary minerals High Phytochemical Content carotenoids (zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxan-thin, beta-carotene, lycopene) polyphenols (anthocyanins, cat-echins, proanthocyanidins, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, resveratrol) Color Code red-tan, blue-purple... 

Currently, LC/MS and multiple mass spectrometry (MS/MS) have been used to study the grape polyphenols (anthocyanins, flavonols, tannins and proanthocyanidins, hydroxycinnamic, and hydroxycinnam-oyltartaric acids), which allow to structurally characterize and understand the mechanisms involved in stabilizing the color in wines (Flamini, 2003). 

The analysis of alkali and alkaline-earth metals in wine, which is usually diluted only with deionized water and filtrated prior to injection, is relatively easy. An example is shown in Figure 10.224. If low analyte concentrations do not allow sample dilution, a pretreatment with a polyvinylpyrrolidone resin (OnGuard-P) is recommended to remove dyes, polyphenols, anthocyanines, and other molecular organic compounds that could block the ion-exchange sites of the separator column. 

Three major classes of secondary metabolites are involved in these phytochemicals, which are alkaloids, terpenes, and phenoUcs [16]. There are many phytochemicals recognized with health benefits such as sulfur-containing compounds of garlic family, various terpenoids, and polyphenols (anthocyanins, flavones, flavanols, isoflavones, stilbenes, ellagic acid, etc.). 

The phytochemical investigations of Comus species revealed that their fruits are rich in bioactive compoimds such as polyphenols, anthocyanins, flavonoids, tannins, iridoids, triterpenoids, fatty acids, ascorbic acid and minerals. For many years they have been used in traditional and folk medicine to treat diabetes, liver and kidney diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, fever, pain and many others. Modem pharmaceutical studies indicated that Comus spp. fruits exhibit therapeutic effects on diabetes, cancer, inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular disorders or obesity, especially due to their high antioxidant activity. They also have notable beneficial effects on hepatoprotection, hyperlipidemia, neuroprotection and inhibiton of bacteria and vimses. 

Ml and M3 induce a higher capacity to accumulate polyphenols (anthocyanin and tannins). 

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