Polymer, viii

Over the last few decades, the use of radiation sources for industrial applications has been widespread. The areas of radiation applications are as follows (i) Wires and cables (ii) heat shrinkable tubes and films (iii) polymeric foam (iv) coating on wooden panels (v) coating on thin film-video/audio tapes (vi) printing and lithography (vii) degradation of polymers (viii) irradiation of diamonds (ix) vulcanization of mbber and rubber latex (x) grain irradiation. 

The ionic conductivity of complexes of the polymer VIII n=3 with potassium, sodium and cesium thiocyanates were also determined. The conductivity of the polymer complexed with CsSCN is in the order of 10" S cm" at 30 °C, and lO- Scm-i at 90 °C [616]. 

The pyrrole polymer VIII was characterized by C,H elemental analysis, IR, and 1H NMR. 

The viscosity of the oxidized polymer (VIII) was determined using DMF as a solvent. Chloroform was not a good solvent because it was too volatile and resulted in poor reproducibility. The reduced viscosities are plotted against polymer concentration (Figure 6). Polymer VIII behaved like a polyelectrolyte, the reduced viscosities increased sharply on dilution in a salt free solution. The addition of 0.01 M KBr did not completely suppress the loss of mobile ions however, at 0.03 M KBr addition a linear relationship between the reduced viscosities and concentration was established. 

Comparison of the Properties of N-Phenylpyrrolidine (VII) and N-Phenyl-Pyrrole Polymers (VIII)... 

Solubility - The oxidized polymer (VIII) has a greater solubility than the original polymer (VII). It was found to be soluble in acetone, chloroform, benzene, DMF and DMSO. Unlike the polymer (VII), (VIII) was not soluble in formic acid or trifluoroacetic acid that was expected since the pyrrole moiety is less basic than pyrrolidine. In the oxidized polymer, the pair of unshared electrons on the nitrogen atom are contributing to the pyrrole ring aromaticity, therefore, unavailable for protonation as in the case of polymer (VII). A comparison of the solubilities is given in Table I. 

The DSC and TGA plots of the oxidized polymer (VIII) showed that the Tm is 130°C and the weight loss of 20% and 80% was observed at 455°C and 600°C, respectively, compared to 400° and 482°C for the original polymer VII indicating the oxidized polymer was more stable to heat. This observation was consistent with the chemical structure of the oxidized polymer, which consisted of a repeating aromatic pyrrole structure and, therefore, should be more thermodynamically stable. The thermal data of the polymers are tabulated in Table II. 

Fig. la and b. IR-spectra of epoxy-amine polymers and model compounds at 298 K 36 a. 1 linear polymer VIII (see Table 3), 2-4 stoichiometric networks based on diglycidyl ether of resorcinol and m-phenylenediamine (2) and 4,4 -diaminodiphenylsulfone (3) and diglycidyl ether of hydroquinone and m-phenylenediamine (4). b. Model compounds II, III, VI (Table 3), (a) crystal (b) melt (c) glass... 

Top Polymer II Middle Polymer IV Bottom Polymer VIII... 

Somersall, A. C., Guillet, J. E., Photochemistry of Ketone Polymers VIII, ... 

Ranucci, F.. and Bignotti, F., New basic multifunctional polymers. VIII. Poly(amino-thioether-ketone)s, Chim. Ind., 72,799, 1990,... 

In order to reduce the crystallinity of the polyketal an unsymmetrical cyclic diketone was prepared from 2,7-dihydroxy-naphthalene. Reduction of the naphthalene nucleus with Raney nickel and hydrogen gave a 90% yield of the 2,7-decalindiol, which on oxidation with chromic acid gave a 50% yield of the 2,7-deca-lindione. When this diketone was condensed with the tetrakis-(hydroxymethyl) cyclohexane, an 89% yield of a white polymer VIII was obtained which did not melt and was soluble only in hexa-fluo ro isopropano1. 

As a consequence, a poly(P-alanine) can only be formed by a ring-opening polymerization, in which the chain elongation proceeds directly by reaction of P-lactam with an acyl-enzyme intermediate. Because of the low nucleophilicity of the lactam nitrogen, this process requires activation of P-lactam by a water molecule. On this basis we have proposed the catalytic cycle for a CALB-catalyzed polymerization of P-lactam depicted in Figure 14.9. The mechanism described is in accordance with experimental data and is assisted by in-depth computational calculation of the reactions involved. It contains two starting steps (I and II), five steps for the chain elongation (III—VII), and is completed by the release of the polymer (VIII). 

A linear high polymer can also be represented by the spaghetti-like strand shown in V and, in these terms, we can recognize branched polymers (VI) and random crosslinked polymers (VII). Ladder polymers (VIII) are also known ... 

A.S. Singha, and B.S. Kaith, "Modification of natural polymers-VIII Graft copolymerisation of methylmethacrylate onto cellulose" International Congress of Chemistry and Environment, 2001. 

Figure 14. FLC polymer VIII with two remote asymmetric carbons in its side chain S SmI. ...

Foti, S., Guiffrida, M., Maravigna, R, and Montaudo, G. Direct mass spectrometry of polymers. VIII. Primary thermal fragmentation processes in polyurethanes, /. Polym. Set, Polym. Chem. Ed., 21,1583,1983. 

Polymer VIII Poly(GVGVP GVGVP GEGVP GVGVP GVGFP GFGFP) E/3F... 

Polymer VIII (GVGVP GVGFP GKGFP GVGVP GVGVP GVGVP) (GVGVP) K/2F... 

The. first reliable results on the temperature dependence of the birefringence were reported by H. Finkelmann Results obtained on comb-like polymer VIII which exhibited a typical nematic... 

ZambeUi, A. Wolfsgruber, C. Zannoni, G Bovey, F. A. Polymerization of propylene to syndiotactic polymer. VIII. Steric control forces. Macmmolecules 1974, 7, 750-752. 

Figure 12.17 Several multifunctional initiators used for making star (co)polymers. (VIII) 2-((2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl) butoxy) carbonyl)-2-methylpropane-l,3-diyl bis(2-bromo-2-methyl propanoate) (Yang etal.,2008). (IX) l,l,l-tris(4-(2-bromoisobutyryloxy) phenyl) ethane (Matyjaszewski etal., 1999). (X) 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-3-oxo-3-(2-phenyl-2-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidin-l-yloxy)ethoxy) propyl pent-4-ynoate (Altintas et al., 2008). (XI) propargyl 2-hydroxylmethyl-2-(or-bromoisobutyryloxymethyl)propion-ate (Altintas et al., 2008).

Br(CH2>2Br (CH3)2NCH0 CeHsCOCgHs Reaction of RCHgX with triphenyl phosphine resin (viii), followed by treatment with a base Reaction of the metal complex (ML ) with the triphenyl polymer (viii) From the lithiated polymer, by the reaction sequence ... 

G. I. (1989) "Coordination polymers. VIII. Chelate polymers of 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone". Rev. Roum. Chim. 34, 1413-1417. 

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