Polymers containing common bisphenol

Table IV. Oxygen Permeabilities of Polymers Containing a Common Bisphenol...

Diphenol/thiophenol is one of the most important polymer precursors for synthesis of poly(aryl ethers) or poly-(aryl sulfides) in displacement polymerizations. Commonly used bisphenols are 4,4 -isopropylidene diphenol or bisphenol-A (BPA) due to their low price and easy availability. Other commercial bisphenols have also been reported [7,24,25]. Recently, synthesis of poly(aryl ethers) by the reaction of new bisphenol monomers with activated aromatic dihalides has been reported. The structures of the polymer precursors are described in Table 2. Poly(aryl ether phenylquinoxalines) have been synthesized by Connell et al. [26], by the reaction of bisphenols containing a preformed quinoxaline ring with... 

BHA, BHT, PG, TBHQ and tocopherols) a variety of stationary phases, mobile phases and detectors can be used [711]. Common antibacterials such as carba-dox, thiamphenicol, furazolidone, oxolinic acid, sul-fadimethoxine, sulfaquinoxaline, nalidixic and piromidic acid can be analysed by GE-RPLC-UV (at 254 nm). Collaborative studies have been reported for the HPLC determination of the antimicrobial sodium benzoate in aqueous solutions [712], Plastics devices used for field collection of water samples may contain polymer additives (such as resorcinol monobenzoate, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone or bisphenol A) or cyanobac-terial microcystins [713],... 

Cross-Linked Polymers. In the 1980s, not only glass and BPA-PC but also uv-curable cross-linked polymers, eg, epoxy resins, were used as substrate material for optical mass storage disks with laige diameters (12 in., 14 in.) (219). The epoxy resins consisted of compounds containing one or several highly reactive epoxy or hydroxyl groups. The common epoxy resins (EP) mainly are reaction products of bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin ... 

Polycarbonates and Polyurethanes The chemistry of carbonic acid derivatives is particularly important because two large classes of polymers are bonded by linkages containing these functional groups the polycarbonates and the polyurethanes. Polycarbonates are polymers bonded by the carbonate ester linkage, and polyurethanes are polymers bonded by the carbamate ester linkage. Lexan polycarbonate is a strong, clear polymer used in bulletproof windows and crash helmets. The diol used to make Lexan is a phenol called bisphenol A, a common intermediate in polyester and polyurethane synthesis. 

The pre-polymers typically contain at least two epoxy groups spaced with an aromatic or aliphatic backbone or even by a fragment of chain including other functionalities. The most commonly used resin from this class is probably formed from epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A or 4-[1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-isopropyl]phenol under basic conditions to give a polymeric diglycidyl polyether as shown below ... 

Details A solid in flake, crystal or dust form. Used in production of epoxy-phenolic resins, monomer of polycarbonates (PC), an antioxidant for PVC, and as an inhibitor used during PVC polymerisation. PC are widely used in many consumer products, from sunglasses and CD to water and food containers and shatter-resistant baby bottles. Some polymers can also contain bisphenol A, and epoxy resins containing bisphenol A are common coatings used in food cans. 

Vinyl esters are thermosetting resins that consist of a polymer backbone with an acrylate or methacrylate termination. The backbone component of vinyl ester resins can be derived from epoxide, polyester or urethane but those based on epoxide resins have most commercial significance. Bisphenol A epoxy formed vinyl esters were designed for chemical resistance and commonly formulated for viscosity for use in filament winding of chemical containers. Typically styrene is used as a reactive dilutent to modify viscosity. Phenolic novolac epoxies are used to produce vinyl esters with higher temperature capability and good solvent resistance, particularly in corrosive environments, and their FRP composites have demonstrated initial economy and better life cycle costs compared with metals. 

As shown in Tables EH and V, the permeability coefiBcients of the poly(ether ketone)s and the polyimides are comparable. Only polymer 9g, which contains the bulky, relatively rigid trimethylcyclohexyl linker in the bisphenol unit, exhibits significantly increased permeability coefficients relative to the other polymers in this study. Also, it is clear that the substantial increase in permeability coefficients that was initially expected from the introduction of the indan group, especially with the two cyclohexyl substituents, is not observed. Figures 1 and 2 show the common plots of loga vs. log P for the poly(ether ketone)s and the polyimides. 

The third common strategy for lowering in MCLCPs is to introduce non-linear units into the polymer backbone. These can take the form of met a- or ortho-substituted phenyls, 1,6- or 2,5-linked naphthy-lenes " or the incorporation of kinked bonds within the monomer unit such as —C(CH3)2—, —CH2—, —O—, —S—, —SO2—, —CO—This method of disruption is especially effective at lowering Tm, but the introduction of large amounts of such bent units will lead ultimately to loss of liquid crystallinity. In general, the stereochemistry of the bisphenol containing a kinked bond is more important than the polar... 

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