Polymers chemical formulas

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Propene polymer Chemical Formula CH(CH3)-CH2 Observable Characteristics - Physical State (as shipped) Solid Color. Tan or white Odor. None. Physical and Chemical Properties - Physical State at 15 Xl and 1 atm. Solid Molecular Weight Mixture Boiling Point at 1 atm. Not pertinent (decomposes) Freezing Point Not pertinent Critical Temperature Not pertinent Critical Pressure Not pertinent Specific Gravity 0.90 at 20 °C (solid) Vapor (Gas) Specific Gravity Not pertinent Ratio cf Specific Heats of Vapor (Gas) Not pertinent Latent Heat of Vaporization Not pertinent Heat of Combustion (est.) -19.600, -10.900, -456 Heat of Decomposition Not pertinent. 

Polystyrene [9003-53-6] (PS), the parent of the styrene plastics family, is a high molecular weight linear polymer which, for commercial uses, consists of - 1000 styrene units. Its chemical formula (1), where n = - 1000, tells htde of its properties. 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Fonnaldehyde polymer Polyformaldehyde Polyfooxymethylene Polyoxymethylene glycol Chemical Formula HO(CHjO) H. 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms PAPI Chemical Formula C (NCO)CH2CjH4(NCO)-and polymer. 

In the usual chemical formulas written for chain polymers the sue-cessive units are projected as a co-linear sequence on the surface of the sheet of paper. This form of representation fails to convey what is perhaps the most significant structural characteristic of a long polymer chain, namely, its capacity to assume an enormous array of configurations. This configurational versatility is a consequence of the considerable degree of rotational freedom about single bonds of the chain. In the simple polymethylene chain, for example, the conventional formula... 

Polyarylenevinylene (PAV) expressed by the chemical formula of [-Ar-CH=CH-]n, where Ar is an arylene ring, is an attractive n-conjugated polymer family because of the following features (i) by the thermal conversion from polyelectrolyte or organic-solvent-soluble precursors, one can obtain the PAV films which have large third-order susceptibility and excellent optical quality, and (ii) the band gap can be adjusted by suitable selection of the arylene rings. 

Optical Isomerism of (D-L-Isomerism) and Tacticity of Polymers Optical isomerism has its origin in the way different substituents occupy positions on an asymmetric carbon atom in a polymer molecule. For example, polyethylene molecule has fully saturated carbon atoms as shown in the following chemical formula ... 

However, if one of the hydrogen atoms in all ethylene units of this polymer is substituted by a substituent R like CH3, Cl or CN. The polymer will then have the chemical formula CH2CHRCH2... 

From the simple chemical formulae of styrene and its polymer... 

Cellulose is a linear polymer (polysaccharide) made up of glucose monomers. Figure 46 shows the molecule structure of cellulose. It has a degree of polymerisation (DP) on average 10 000 glucose units, which corresponds to a length of 5 im. The chemical formula for cellulose is usually written as [(CgHjjO,) ]. [64,65]... 

Graphic representations (chemical formulae) of macromolecules are used extensively in the scientific literature on polymers including lUPAC documents on macromolecular nomenclature. This document establishes rules for the unambiguous representation of macromolecules by chemical formulae. The rules apply principally to synthetic macromolecules. Insofar as is possible, these rules are consistent with the formulae given in lUPAC documents [2-4] and they also cover the presentation of formulae for irregular macromolecules [5], copolymer molecules [1, 6] and star macromolecules. 

In comparison with chemical formulae of low-molecular-weight compounds, the graphical representations of which have been addressed in a recent lUPAC document [7], chemical formulae of polymers must additionally reflect the multiplicity of constitutional units in a macromolecule and the various possibilities for connecting the constitutional units in a macromolecule. 

Another important concept from organic chemistry that has an impact on polymer structure is that of isomerism. Recall that structural isomers are molecules that have the same chemical formula, but different molecular architectures. For example, there are two different types of propyl alcohols, both with the same formula, depending on where the —OH functional group is placed on the carbon backbone (see Figure 1.53). Another type of isomerism results in stereoisomers, in which the functional groups are... 

Incompatible Mixtures. Even at very low levels, many of the poly-ether additives led to incompatible mixtures. These blends were not successfully milled to a smooth sheet under any conditions tried. Instead, a mass of crumbs was obtained. These crumbs could be molded into a coherent mass, but the physical properties were poor. For example, addition of 8.75 parts of polybutene-1 oxide to Masterbatch B for CPVC alone gave a brittle, free-flowing material with these properties notched Izod impact strength, 0.7 lb/in notch, flow rate 452 g/10 min. This is a particularly interesting result, since PBO has the same chemical formula as PTHF but structurally is a substituted ethylene oxide polymer rather than a linear homopolymer. No further studies were made of such blends. 

The chemical formulae and code names of the investigated polymers are given in Fig. 74. 

Common Name Polymeric ester of phosphoric acid and estradiol Structural Formula Estradiol phosphate polymer Chemical Abstracts Registry No. 28014-46-2... 

Gas permeable polymers are based on the polymer poly(meth-acrylic acid) to whose chains are attached some silicone groups, such as tris(trimethylsiloxysilane) [chemical formula CH2CH2CH2 Si(OSi(CH3)3)3]. These make the polymer able to absorb oxygen from the air. 

HEMA is the polymer formed from 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, which has the chemical formula CH2=C(CH3)(C02CH2CH2OH). 

The most common molecules from which polymers are made are ethylene (chemical formula CH2=CH2) and its derivatives. The key to its polymerisation is the double bond, which opens to form bonds to other ethylenes and the end result is a chain of CH2 groups, -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2- which can be millions of carbons long. This is polyethylene. Another common polymer is poly(vinyl chloride) which is made from vinyl chloride (chemical formula CH2=CHCl) and is better known as PVC. See also PPMA and HEMA. The following table lists various common polymers headed by those based on ethylene and its derivatives ... 

Fig. 1 Chemical formulas of the polymers used a carboxy-terminated polystyrene PS-COOH b random carboxy-terminated copolymer of polystyrene and 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoropolystyrene FPS-COOH c 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPS) d tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl) dimethylchlorosilane FSI...

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