Polymers Amido-Amine

An amido-amine (e.g., from the reaction of tetraethylenepentamine with stearic acid) is modified with propylene oxide [792]. The product is dispersed in a polymer matrix such as an acrylic or methacrylic polymer. The inhibitor is slowly released into the surrounding environment, such as in an oil or gas well, to prevent corrosion of metal equipment in the well. 

Opitz AW, Wagner NJ. Structural investigations of poly(amido amine) dendrimers in methanol using molecular dynamics. J Pol3mi Sci Part B Polym Phys 2006 44 3062-3077. 

Poly(amido-amine)s. Poly(amido-amine)s [42] offer a system to correlate the effect on Cu(II) complex forming ability with the number (n) of methylene groups between aminic nitrogen. The polymers possess the structures of the type shown in (Fig. 18) and compounds with n = 4 fail to form Cu(II)-complexes in aqueous solution. 

We have synthesized and tested an example boron-chelating polymer based on a commercially available dendrimeric poly(amido amine) (PAMAM). Dendrimeric chelants offer several advantages over polymers typically used in PAUF. Foremost among these is the reduced viscosity of dendrimer solutions as compared to solutions of linear polymers[6]. This allows the use of higher polymer concentrations than previously feasible (though in the present study we worked at polymer concentrations of less than 5% due to the expense of the starting dendrimer). In this study, the dendrimeric chelant also serves as a convenient, monodisperse polymer with which to test the mathematical model for boron speciation which is derived from the work of Wise and Weber[l],... 

Poly(amido-amine)s are a class of polymers characterized by the presence of amido and amino groups regularly arranged along the macromolecular chain. Additional functional groups may be introduced as side substituents. 

Cross-linked resins of polyamidoamine structure can be prepared in the same way as the linear polymers by partly substituting a, m-diaminoalkanes for the same quantity of difunctional aminic monomers in the polymerization process. According to the general scheme of poly(amido-amine)synthesis, bis(primary amine)s, having four mobile hydrogens, act as tetrafunctional monomers 47). 

Table 1. Some Examples of Poly(amido-Amines) and Related Polymers...

Selective anti-tumour ther y with various amido-amine polymers was investigated by Fermti et al. ... 

Fatty alcohol (co-softener), fatty acid ester (co-softener), fatty amides (co-softener), amido amines (co-softener), polyethylene terephthalate (soil release agent), PVP-type polymers, (dye transfer inhibitor)... 

U.S. 5332569 (1994) Wood et al. (Alberto-Culver) Silicon oil in an organic solvent-based carrier comprising PEG and an anionic-cationic emulsifier complex formed from anionic (phosphate or sulfate) copolymer of dimethylpolysiloxane (20 -0 units) and polyoxyethylene (3-15 units) and cationic conditioning compound having at least one quaternary nitrogen or amido amine and one hydrophobic aliphatic or silicone polymer chain Improved stability of silicone emulsion... 

Scheme 15.1 Synthesis of hyperbranched poly(amido-amine) polymers.

Ferruti P, Marchisio MA, Barbucci R. Synthesis, physicochemical properties and biomedical applications of poly (amido-amine)s. Polymer 1985 26 1336-1348. 

Ferruti P, Manzoni S, Richardson SCW, Duncan R, Pattrick NG, Mendichi R, Casolaro M. Amphoteric linear poly(amido-amine)s as endosomolytic polymers correlation between physico-chemical and biological properties. Macromolecules 2000 21 7793-7800. 

Chem. Descrip. Uncatalyzed mercaptan polymer Uses Epoxy hardener, accelerator tor amides, amines, and amido-amines in conventional and high-solids applies., fast-set concrete adhesives, castings, potting, laminates Features Requires amine catalyst tor activation Properties Gardner 2 max. color sp.gr. 1.15 dens. 9.6 Ib/gal vise. 100-150 poise gel time 4.5-6.5 min (30-50 g) After 7 day 25 C cure tens, str. 5900 psi elong. 3.75% flex. str. 10,000 psi 100% solids Capcure 40 sec HV [Cognis/Coatings Inks]... 

Chem. Descrip. Mercaptan polymer precatalyzed, accelerated Uses Epoxy hardener, accelerator in concrete adhesives, grouts, mortars, and coatings co-curative improves bond to glass and metal Features Fast cure eliminates induction times of polyamides and amido-amines... 

Polycationic dendritic polymers and related structures are a special class of cationic polymers and have gained significant attention in the last two decades, due to their relative ease of preparation, their globular shape, and their multifunctionality. So far, a number of different dendritic polymers have been introduced for gene/siRNA delivery poly(amido amine) (PAMAM), poly(propylene imine) (PPl), poly(L-lysine) (PLL), (PEI), and poly(glycerol amine) (PGA) [46]. 

The Michael addition is a very efficient reaction that has been widely applied for dendrimer synthesis due to a small amount of side reactions and mild reaction conditions, poly (amido amine) (PAMAM) or poly(propylene imine) (PPI) dendrimers are two well-known examples that rely on the Michael addition. Long et al. reviewed the synthetic approaches to linear, cross-linked, and branched polymers via step-growth Michael polyaddition.Thermally stable, high-Tg poly... 

Specialised polymers, which are mainly used in engineering applications in the automobile, aircraft and machinery industries, are known as engineering polymers. In this group, aliphatic polyamides are the most important and most widely used. A large number of aliphatic polyamides are obtained from vegetable oil-based products. Among these nylon 6,10, nylon 11, nylon 6,9 and poly(amido amine) are very important. One of the most important commercially used polymers, nylon 11, is obtained entirely from castor oU, whereas vegetable oil-derived components are only partly used to prepare other polymers. 

G. Das and N. Karak, Mesua ferrea L. seed oil based amido-amine modified nano-clay/epoxy nanocomposites ,/Appl Polym Sci, 2012,124,2403-13. 

X. Zhang, J. Zhao, Y. Wen, C. Zhu, J. Yang, F. Yao, Carhoxymethyl chitosan-poly(amido-amine) dendrimer core-shell nanoparticles for intracellular lysozyme dehvery. Carbohydrate Polymers 98 (2013) 1326-1334. 

A number of potential drug carriers are described in the literature, e.g. polyphospha-zenes derivatives of poly(methacrylic acid) >, synthetic poIy(amino acids)polyvinyl analogs of nucleic adds , poly(ethylene oxide) copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone poly(amido-amines) and others. The structure of these polymers has been modified by the incorporation of hydrophobic units - >, sugar residues, sulfinyl groups to achieve, in a non-specific way, affinity for certain tissues. 

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