Polymerization adhesives and

This work was supported by the Virginia Institute for Material Systems (VIMS) and the NSF Science and Technology Center High-Performance Polymeric Adhesives and Composites (NSF grant number DMR-912004). The authors would like to thank Dr. Po-Jen Shih and Mr. Todd Bullions for their assistance is preparing this chapter. 

Department of Chemistry and Center for High Performance Polymeric Adhesives and Composites, 2108 Hahn Hall, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061- 0344, USA... 

All the materials to be tested for shelf life are stored in unopened containers. Storage in containers that have been opened exposes the resin to oxygen and humidity that, depending on the type of resin, could drastically reduce the shelf life and affect final properties. Most polymeric adhesives and sealants and their components have a shelf life greater than 6 months at room temperature. However, some one-component adhesives need to be stored at refrigerated conditions to have a practical shelf life. 

NSF Science and Technology High Performance Polymeric Adhesives and Composites Virginia Polylechnic institute and State University Blacksburg. Virginia 24061 -0212... 

This book generalizes the results of studies performed in the Department of Adhesion and Adhesives of the Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Ukrainian Nation d Academy of Sciences. It considers some regularities of the formation of adhesive-bonded joints, presents thermodynamic and physical-chemic d substantiation of new principles of controlling the adhesion strength and other important properties of polymeric adhesives, and describes application of these principles in the course of developing adhesives for various fields of engineering and medicine. 

APPLICATION OF SURFACE ANALYSIS TO HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERIC ADHESIVES AND COMPOSITES... 

ABSTRACT. The paper details the use of scanning electron microscopy, surface reflectance infrared spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, ion scattering spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in the analysis of polymeric adhesives and composites. A brief review of the principle of each surface analytical technique will be followed by application of the technique to interfacial adhesion with an emphasis on polymer/metal, fiber/matrix, and composite/composite adhesion. 

We appreciate the support of this research by the NSF Science and Technology Center for High Performance Polymeric Adhesives and Composites at Virginia Tech under contract DMR 09714. An IBM fellowship provided to Martin E. Rogers is also gratefully acknowledged. 

The relationship between the chemical structure of polymeric adhesives and their physical structure, physical properties, and performance characteristics have interested scientists for many years. The very complex nature of these relationships have, however, resulted in a lack of broad generalizations about structure-property relationships instead, a myriad of technical papers have been published about the work done on specific systems of adhesives and adherends. These papers now form a large part of the adhesives literature yet many of the questions basic to the design of satisfactory adhesives remain unsolved. The relationships developed for a given series of adhesives seldom apply to another series directly. Thus further experimentation is always needed to optimize formulations and compositions of adhesive products. The objective of the papers in this session is to examine several relationships of molecular structure to properties of several systems of polymeric adhesives which are important in today s technology. 

Many physical and chemical processes are involved in the degradation of sealants and adhesives. Thermal analysis techniques have been used to characterize polymeric adhesives and sealant formulations and also to study the proeesses of degradation when they are exposed to natural elements. The applieation of techniques such as TG, DSC, DTG, Dynamic Mechanical Analysis, Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis, Thermomechanical Analysis, and Dynamic Load Thermomechanical Analysis for such materials has been discussed in Ch. 14. 

Detailed stress analysis, including finite element techniques, should be carried out for increasingly complex model systems. Treatments need to be developed that properly take into account nonlinear, plastic, and viscoelastic response of both polymeric adhesives and bonded structural members. Indeed, recognition and understanding of the importance of energy dissipation within adhesives and adherends is essential in order to interpret much of the basic research in adhesion science. Many authors... 

Polymeric adhesives and sealants are finding increased use in aerospace and automotive applications. This is due to the benefits they offer enabling the manufacture of structures with high strength yet low weight. Readers are referred to the chapter Sealants for Aerospace in this Handbook. 

It is often seen that the strength of adhesive joints decreases on aging in natural environments. This is usually because of the effect of environmental moisture, which is absorbed by polymeric adhesives and affects both the mechanical behavior of the adhesive and the interface between the adhesive and adherend. These effects are usually increased by increasing temperature or the application of stress. The effect on the interface is potentially the most damaging however. 

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