Polymer Polytrimethylene terephthalate

Poly (p-toluenesulfonamide-co-formaldehyde). See Tosylamide/formaldehyde resin Polytrap 6603, Polytrap Q5-6603. See Acrylates copolymer Polytrifluorochloroethylene Poly (trifluoroethylene chloride) Poly (trifluoromonochloroethylene). See Chlorotrifluoroethylene polymer Poly (trifluoropropyl (methyl) siloxane Poly (3,3,3-trifluoropropylmethylsiloxane). See Polymethyl-3,3,3-trifluoropropylsiloxane Polytrifluoropropylmethylsiloxane, silanol-terminated. See Polymethyl-3,3,3-trifluoropropylsiloxane, silanol-terminated Poly(trifluorovinyl chloride). See Chlorotrifluoroethylene polymer Polytrimethylene terephthalate Synonyms PIT... 

Chuah, H. H., Processing of Corterra Polytrimethylene Terephthalate Polymer for Bulk Continuous Filament Carpets, Technical Bulletin SC 2528-98, Shell Chemical Company, Houston, TX, 1998. 

In 1999 Shell introduced their Corterra polymers, polyesters made from 1,3-propanediol and terephthalic acid. This polymer, PTT (polytrimethylene terephthalate), was first synthesized in 1941, saw a long ges-... 

Together with purified terephthalic acid, 1,3-propanediol is used to produce polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), a polymer with remarkable "stretch-recovery" properties. The desirable attributes of PTT have been known since the 1940s, but high production costs prevented its entrance into the polymer market (29). In the 1990s, a new fossil-based route to 1,3-propanediol was developed enabling the production of PTT for higher-value applications, and PTT polymers were introduced into the market by DuPont and Shell Chemicals (29,30). 

Propanediol Polytrimethylene terephthalate, malonic acid Polymers Biebl etal., 1999 Du etal., 2007a... 

Nonolefinic thermoplastic polymers that in principle may be blended with polyolefins include polyamides (nylons) such as polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyphenylene ether (PPF), and polyphenylene oxide (PPO) polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephtha-late (PBT), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polycarbonates, polyethers, and polyurethanes vinyl polymers such as polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and ethylene... 

The core-sheath (c-s) configuration is adaptable because many different polymers may be applied as a sheath over a solid polyester core, thus giving a variety of modified surface properties while maintaining all the major fiber and textile properties of PET. An early patent by Shima and coworkers uses an eccentric core-sheath configuration to achieve spiral crimp in a yarn [67]. A recent patent by Chang and coworkers discloses the use of side-side or eccentric c-s bicomponent fibers to achieve a self-crimping yarn made from polytrimethylene terephthalate, where one component is a melt-blend of PTT with a small amount of polystyrene [68]. 

H.H. Chuah, Polytrimethylene terephthalate, Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, 3rd edn, Vol. 3, John Wiley Sons, New York, 2003, pp. 544—557. 

Acid (3-HP) used in the production of acrylates that were originally produced from acryhc acid that was obtained from propene. Propene was obtained as a by-product of ethylene and gasoline production of glycerol or glucose. 3-HP is a commercial monomer derived from corn acid, methyl acrylate, acrylamide fibers, paints and adhesives, polytrimethylene terephthalate, contact lenses, polymers for diapers... 

The reported strategy of DuPont is to derive 25% of its revenues from non-depletable resources by 2010. To this end it is reported to have switched production of a key polymer feedstock from a petrochemical to a maize-based process. In the case of Sorona (polytrimethylene terephthalate), the maize-based version is claimed to have environmental advantages over its petrochemical counterpart because the manufacturing process uses less energy, reduces emissions and employs renewable resources. 

PTT is a new member in polyester family its value as a commercial polymer has improved because its monomers are not all dependent on petroleum. DuPont has successfully commercialized the production of this polymer via 1,3-propanediol obtained by fermentation and produces Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) with the brand name of Sorona. The beneficial properties of Sorona are derived from a unique, semicrystalline molecular structure featuring a pronounced kink, which means that outer forces, such as tensile or compressive forces, translate at the molecular level, causing... 

DSC has been used to measure T on a variety of polymers including naphthalate copolymers [111,112], polyethylene terephthalate-5-nitrosophthalic acid copolymers [113], propene-pentene copolymers [114], 4-hydroxy benzoic acid-2-hydroxy-6-naphthoic acid copolymers [115], fluorinated perfluorocyclo butylenes [116], PET [117], polythioether ether ketones [14,104], polyvanillylidiene, alkyl/aryl phosphate esters [118], poly(L-lactic acid-poly(e-caprolactone) [119], benzylated waste pulp-L-lactic acid copolymers [120], PET - poly-1,4 butylene succinate [121], polyarylate-polytrimethylene terephthalate [122], polyimines [77], PVOH [123, 124], various Nylons [125]. 

Besides water-soluble polymers, more synthetic polymers are insoluble in water and should be dissolved in organic solvent for electrospinning, such as polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLLA), PCL, polybutylene succinate-co-butylene terephthalate (PBST), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), PAN, poly-sulfone (PSF), polyimide (PI), polyethylene-co-vinyl alcohol (PEVA), PU, polypyrrole (PPy), polyoxymethylene (POM), PS, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), PVC, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), poly A-vinylcarbazole (PVK), polymeta-phenylene isophthalamide (PMIA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), polybenzimidazole (PBI), polymer vinyl acetate (PVAc), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), and polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate (PEV). 

Various polymers have been successfully electrospun from solution, sol-gel suspension, or melt into ultrafine nanotibers. For example, as listed in Table 13.2, these polymers included nylon-6 [20, 21], polyacrylonitrile (PAN) [22, 23], polyethylene terephthalate (PET) [24], polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) [25], polystyrene (PS) [26, 27], polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) [28, 29], polyethersulfone (PES) [30], polyimides (PI) [31, 32], polyethylene oxide (PEO) [33], polyurethanes (PU) [34], polycarbonates (PC) [35], polycaprolactone (PCL) [36], polybenzimidazole (PBI) [37, 38], polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) [39], polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) [40], polyvinyl chloride (PVC) [41], polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) [42], hydrox-ypropyl cellulose (HPC) [43], polyglycolic acid (PGA) [44], polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) [45], cellulose acetate (CA) [46,47] and many more. To be used as filtration membranes, nanoflbers made of water-soluble polymers have to be further cross-linked after the electrospinning process. As polymers having different physical and... 

Materials studied include polyesters and polyethers [73], PMMA [74], star-shaped styrene block copolymers [75, 76], PC [77], isoprene-styrene graft copolymers [76], polyethylene oxide-maleic anhydride-vinyl methyl ether copolymers [78], polybutylene terephthalate [79], PE [80], (phenoxymethyl)thizrane [81], polytrimethylene carbonate [82], polybutylene succinate [83], polymethyldiundecenylsilane [84], poly(N-vinyl carbazole) [85], titanium-containing copolymers [86], styrene-macro zwitterion polymers [87], and poly(octadecene-alt-maleic anhydride) [88]. 

Recent work on crystallinity measurements is reported below sulfur containing ether ketones [14], polyethylene glycol [15], polystyrene (PS) [16, 17], (PC) [18], polyphenylene alkene diyls [19, 20], isotactic polypropylene [20, 21], polyethylene [21, 22], polyimide [23], poly(2,5 bis (4-methoxyphenyl) oxycarbonyl styrene [24], polyazomethine esters [25], PET-polybutylene terephthalate blends [26], polycyclohexyl ethylene copolymers [27], polycaprolactone [28], syndiotactic polystyrene [29, 30], polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluorethylene copolymer [30], polyethers [31], isotactic methyl methacrylate [32], soy protein isolate polymers [33], polyamide 6/66 [34], polytrimethylene-2,6-naphthalate [35, 36], PE like polyesters [37], polycyclohexadiene [38], p-dioxolone, L-lactide - polyethylene glycol copolymers [39], ethylene - methacrylic acid copolymers and ionomers [40]. 

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