Polymer polycarbonate + poly butylene

Polyesters also are used in various polymer blends such as polycarbonate/poly(butylene terephthalate), poly(butylene terephthalate/acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylic) blends, poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(ethylene terephthalate), etc. Pyrolysis results on poly(vinyl chloride)/ poly(ethylene terephthalate) have been reported [64] showing that the two components influence each other, chloroesters of terephthaiic and benzoic acids being found in the pyrolysate. 

FIGURE 4.41 Schematic of preparation of polycarbonate/poly(butylenes terephthalate) blend. (After Utracki, L. A. 1989. Polymer Alloys and Blends. Hanser Publishers, Munich, Germany. 

Table 3.3-32 Polycarbonate + poly(ethylene terephthalate), PC + PET polycarbonate + liquid crystall polymer, PC + LCP polycarbonate + poly(butylene terephthalate), PC + PBT poly(ethylene terephthalate) + polystyrene, PET + PS poly(butylene terephthalate) + polystyrene, PBT + PS...

It is significant that the reinforcement degree corresponds to a class of polymer forming a nanocomposites matrix. The largest values of / are obtained for polymers whose chains are able to stretch on the silicate platelet surface (rigid-chain polyimide, crystallising polypropylene and thermotropic liquid crystalline polyester), intermediate values for polymers whose chains are able to stretch only partly (polycarbonate, poly (butylenes terephthalate) and amorphous polyamide-6) and the smallest values for nanocomposites on the basis of epoxy polymer, the capability of chains stretching of which decreases sharply because of the availability of transverse covalent bonds network [30]. 

Stokes, V. K. and S. Y. Hobbs, Vibration welding of ABS to itself and to polycarbonate, poly(butylene terephthalate), poly(ether imide) and modified poly(phenylene oxide). Polymer 34(6), 1222-1231, 1993. 

Automotive appHcations account for about 116,000 t of woddwide consumption aimuaHy, with appHcations for various components including headlamp assembHes, interior instmment panels, bumpers, etc. Many automotive appHcations use blends of polycarbonate with acrylonitrile—butadiene—styrene (ABS) or with poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) (see Acrylonitrile polymers). Both large and smaH appHances also account for large markets for polycarbonate. Consumption is about 54,000 t aimuaHy. Polycarbonate is attractive to use in light appHances, including houseware items and power tools, because of its heat resistance and good electrical properties, combined with superior impact resistance. 

During the eady development of polycarbonates, many bisphenols were investigated for potential useftil products. Some of these monomers and polymers are hsted in Table 3. Despite this intensive search, however, no homopolycarbonates other than that of BPA have been produced. Copolymers and blends, on the other hand, have been quite successhil. Blends of polycarbonate with ABS and with poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT in particular have shown significant growth since the mid-1980s. 

Noncrystalline aromatic polycarbonates (qv) and polyesters (polyarylates) and alloys of polycarbonate with other thermoplastics are considered elsewhere, as are aHphatic polyesters derived from natural or biological sources such as poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), poly(glycoHde), or poly(lactide) these, too, are separately covered (see Polymers, environmentally degradable Sutures). Thermoplastic elastomers derived from poly(ester—ether) block copolymers such as PBT/PTMEG-T [82662-36-0] and known by commercial names such as Hytrel and Riteflex are included here in the section on poly(butylene terephthalate). Specific polymers are dealt with largely in order of volume, which puts PET first by virtue of its enormous market volume in bottie resin. 

The decorative laminates described in the previous chapter are made with selected thermosetting resins while resins of this type can be moulded and extruded by methods similar to those outlined in the present and the next chapter the materials employed for these processes predominantly are thermoplastic. Many such plastics can be moulded and extruded under suitable conditions, the most important in terms of quantities used being those that combine properties satisfactory for the purpose with convenience in pro-cessing-especially the polyolefins (polyethylene and polypropylene), poly(vinyl chloride), and styrene polymers and blends. Other plastics with special qualities, such as better resistance to chemical attack, heat, impact, and wear, also are used—including acetals (polyformaldehyde or polyoxymethylene), polyamides, polycarbonates, thermoplastic polyesters like poly(ethylene terephtha-late) and poly(butylene terephthalate), and modified poly(phenylene oxide),... 

For polyesters (e.g. poly(butylene terephthalate), PBT), polyamides (e.g. polyamide 6 (PA6) and polycarbonate (PC) it is known that they show photolysis as well as photo-oxidation (/, 4, 5). Figure 1 shows the UV absorption spectra of these polymers. 

Polyesters. Main chain of their macromolecules is characterized by repeated — CO—O— groups. Unsaturated polyester resins are thermosets used mainly for manufacturing glass fibre-reinforced plastics products. The most wide-spread type of thermoplastic polyesters are polymers of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid (mainly terephthalic acid) and an aliphatic diol (e. g. ethyleneglycol or butanediol). The most important representatives of this group are poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly-(butylene terephthalate). Polyarylate aromatic polyester is a high-temperature thermoplastic of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid (terephthalic acid) and an aromatic diol (bisphenol-A). In the chemical sense, polycarbonate is also a polyester. 

The binary blends of polycarbonate with poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT/PC) or poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET/PC) are now known to be essentially phase-separated blend systems exhibiting two glass transition temperatures in each case, one for the polycarbonate-rich phase and another for the polyester-rich phase (Murff et al. 1984 Huang and Wang 1986 Wahrmund et al. 1978). The evaluation of the amorphous phase miscibility in these blends was often complicated by the potential of a transesterification reaction between the two polymers during the melt blending, which may in principle lead to a block copolymer and eventually to... 

Polycarbonate + Poly(ethylene terephthalate) PC + PET, Polycarbonate + Liquid crystall polymer PC + LCP, Polycarbonate -I- Poly(butylene terephthalate) PC -t- PBT, Poly(ethylene terephthalate) + Polystyrene PET - - PS, Poly(butylene terephthalate) - - Polystyrene PBT + PS Polymer Blends IV... 

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