Polymer Nanocomposites MWCNTs

Polymer-linked MWCNT nanocomposites were prepared by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT). The RAFT reagent was successfully grafted on to the surface of MWCNTs and PS chains were grafted from MWCNTs via RAFT polymerization [192], By covalently linking acyl chloride functions of functionalized MWCNTs with living polystyryllithium, Huang et al. succeeded in the preparation of polystyrene-functionalized MWCNTs (Scheme 1.32) [193],... 

Koo, J. (2006) Polymer Nanocomposites Processing, Characterization, and Applications. McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0071458212,9780071458214, New York Koval chuk, A. Shevchenko, V. Shchegolikhin, A. Nedorezoca, P. Klyamkina, A. Aladyshev, A. (2008) Effect of carbon nanotube functionalization on the structural and mechanical properties of polypropylene/MWCNT composites. Macromol. Vol.41, No.20, pp.7536-7542... 

Reports have been found on organoclay (Closite 30B) reinforced partially or fully exfoliated nanocomposites of functionalised triglycerides, including acrylated ESO, maleated ESO and soybean oil pentaerythritol maleates, copolymerised with styrene as the polymer matrices. MWCNT... 

Conductive polymer nanocomposites may also be used in different electrical applications such as the electrodes of batteries or display devices. Linseed oil-based poly(urethane amide)/nanostuctured poly(l-naphthylamine) nanocomposites can be used as antistatic and anticorrosive protective coating materials. Castor oil modified polyurethane/ nanohydroxyapatite nanocomposites have the potential for use in biomedical implants and tissue engineering. Mesua ferrea and sunflower seed oil-based HBPU/silver nanocomposites have been found suitable for use as antibacterial catheters, although more thorough work remains to be done in this field. ° Sunflower oil modified HBPU/silver nanocomposites also have considerable potential as heterogeneous catalysts for the reduction of nitro-compounds to amino compounds. Castor oil-based polyurethane/ epoxy/clay nanocomposites can be used as lubricants to reduce friction and wear. HBPU of castor oil and MWCNT nanocomposites possesses good shape memory properties and therefore could be used in smart materials. ... 

Among the many potential applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), their use as reinforcing fillers for fhe fabrication of polymer nanocomposites has received considerable attention [1-4]. Both single-walled and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs, respectively) are noted for their outstanding thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties. Polypropylene (PP) is a widely used thermoplastic because of its low cost, good processability, and well-balanced physical and mechanical properties. Products of PP take the forms of fibers, films, and molded articles. This chapter highlights the microstructure and properties of PP/CNT nanocomposites. Since most studies dealt with isotactic polypropylene, the term TP" in this chapter refers to isotactic polypropylene unless otherwise stated. 

Sf methacrylate copolymers as matrix for multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Under suitable preparation conditions (from common solvent), the electrical percolation threshold of nanocomposites of P(MMA-co-sfMA-H2F8) (30/70 mol/mol) with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) (type Nanocyl NC3150) is found to be below 0.1 wt%, that means extremely low compared to other polymer matrices. Details will be published elsewhere. The electrical volume conductivities of PMMA and a P(MMA-co-sfMA-H2F8) copolymer with MWCNT are plotted in Figure 11.25 versus the concentration of MWCNT. At similar contents of MWCNT, the percolation threshold of P(MMA-co-sfMA-H2F8)/MWCNT is lower and the electrical conductivity is higher than that of PMMA/MWCNT nanocomposites. We discuss this in terms of better compatibility of the fluorinated polymer with MWCNT, which was also indicated in former work [208]. 

Han Z, Fina A (2011) Thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes and their polymer nanocomposites a review. Prog Polym Sci 36 914-944 Her SC, Lai CY (2013) Dynamic behavior of nanocomposites reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Materials 6 2274—2284... 

In recent decades, there have been many attempts to fabricate CNT/PANI composites [329-337]. The incorporation of nanotubes into PANI can result in novel composite materials with enhanced electrical, electrochemical, and mechanical properties. Eor example, Yu et al. prepared MWCNT/PANI nanocomposites through in situ inverse microemulsion synthesis [334]. Such nanocomposites are characterized by very strong interaction between MWCNTs and conducting polymers. Moreover, MWCNT/PANI core-shell nanowires exhibited better thermal stability and electrical conductivity than the pure PANI. The electrical conductivity of MWCNT/PANI composite containing 1 wt% of MWCNTs increased by one order of magnitude (pure PANI 0.02Scm MWCNT/PANI composite 0.20Scm-i) [334]. 

Even if conductivity results of CNT/polymer nanocomposites are commonly reported in terms of wt%, mainly because of lack of precise CNT density values, percolation is considered to be a volumetric phenomenon. In an attempt to fairly compare conductivity results obtained for systems containing either SWCNTs or MWCNTs dispersed in a given polymer matrix, the percolation threshold values of the various nanocomposites series were calculated in terms of vol% CNT. See ref. [28] for the details of the calculation. 

Conductivity mechanism in CNT/polymer nanocomposites SWCNTs vs. MWCNTs... 

The results on MWCNT-polymer nanocomposites reported in this chapter demonstrate the versatility of the latex concept to prepare nanocomposites with a broad range of "home-made" or industrially manufactured polymers, namely, amorphous, semi-crystalline, and blended polymer matrixes. Note that blending can further be done in very different fashions, i.e., in situ, while the emulsion polymerization proceeds, by mixing of two different polymer latexes synthesized independently from each other, or by a "masterbatch approach." This study confirms that the CNT-polymer interactions are of major importance to influence the percolation behavior of the nanocomposites, as well as the viscosity, morphology, and the intrinsic conductivity of the polymer matrix. 

Industrial Applications Carbon nanotubes (single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)) " " cellulose materials for bulky paper sheets graphene-based polymer nanocomposites materials/films " photonic materials photovoltaic devices polyaniline systems poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) oligomers poly(propylene imine) dendrimers " thin-films ... 

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