Polymer decoration technique

Surfaces can be investigated by TEM by the replica technique. Since it is difficult to remove a replica from a polymer surface, two-stage techniques are usually necessary. The gold decoration technique to mark surface structures [2] has been tested, but the difficulties of removing the replica films from the surfaces are too great for wide application. SEM has been increasingly used because it is a very easy way to investigate... 

To prepare membranes with artificial nanochannels, one can start with several polymer materials such as polyimide (PI), polycarbonate (PC), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). A prerequisite to apply these kinds of polymers for nanochannel fabrication is that they are easy to process and susceptible to different etching techniques to produce nano-sized channels of different morphologies. Current methods for this purpose include ion-track-etching, electrochemical etching, and laser techniques. Once the nanochannels have been produced, one needs to functionalize the channel inner wall to obtain different functions. Following are some examples of polymer decorated nanochannels. 

The XPS spectra calibration was achieved by the gold decoration technique thin film or islands of gold were evapored on the polymer surface and the line Au 4fy/2 was set at 84.0 eV. 

Also, polymer parts, whether film and sheeting or rigid products, can be postfinished in a number of ways. Some companies within the polymers industry specialize in various finishing techniques. On the other hand, finishing, decorating, and assembly of the polymer end product can be done in-house by the processor or fabricator. 

These authors have used the technique of lamellar decoration [76] which enables detailed assessment of cheu-acteristic mesophase defects and texture on a much finer scale than previously possible with conventional electron-microscopy preparations. The defects and texture existing in the polymer melt state are first retained by thermal quenching of the polymer fluid to room temperature. The glassy LCP film is then annealed above its glass transition, but below the melting point. Crystalline lamellae grow perpendicular to the local chain axis and effectively decorate the molecular director... 

To date, a variety of methods have been developed for the efficient delivery of QDs into cells [204, 205]. These include nonspecific endocytosis [206-209] or receptor-mediated endocytosis that involves QDs decorated with transfection reagents (peptides [210-215], proteins [65, 216-219], cationic liposomes [204], dendrimers [204], polymers [220,221] or small molecules [222,223]) that were used for the intracellular delivery of QDs. Physical techniques such as, electroporation [204, 224] or microinjection [204, 225, 226] have also been employed to deliver QDs into cells. 

The first plastic to be metallized on a commercial scale was ABS, which is used as a replacement for the much heavier zinc alloy die castings widely used in the motor industry. Many other polymers are now coated not only for decorative purposes such as bathroom fittings but also for the production of objects where the specific properties of metals such as electrical conductivity, high reflectivity and good barrier properties are combined with those of polymers such as toughness, flexibility, corrosion resistance and low cost. The techniques used to produce highly adherent metal deposits may be divided into two major groups, dry methods and wet methods. 

---